Twains View on Violence and Superstition Essay Example for Free

Twains View on Violence and Superstition EssayTwain echos violence and superstition Hucks experiences. These views are coming from pre-Civil War situations by dint of the experinces of southern life history at the time. Huck views superstition from what he learns Jim. Violence can be seen throughtout Hucks some(prenominal) adventures, before and after he fakes his last. These views can be seen through Hucks reactions.Violence seemsto be the most reaccuring event end-to-end many of Hucks adventures. His father is an abusive drunk. I think Twain uses Hucks father as a representative of the worst in white society. Paps violence toward Huck shows that before the Civil War, Twain believes whites handle everyone with hate equaly no matter if the are black, white, or family. Huck could have, at any moment go away his father, but I guess Twain views violence as somthing that can be tolerated for acceptance or lack there of.Twain also views violence something to sympathize with during the pre-Civil war era. In a physical body of events Huck disagrees or feels bad for those treated violently. Even if the violence was justified or not. Huck entangle bad for the man tied up on the wrecked ship, so he trapped the ones causation the violence and went for the authorities. Huck also feels bad for the Duke and the Dauphin, even though they deserved to be tared and feathered or some other form of violoent punishment. Twains views on violence seems to me to contridict themselves. Going as far as faking ones death to escape violence and yet also sympathyzing with those who are treated with violence and yet they are be of it in any way, shape, or form.Superstition seems to be something that before the Civil War, still slaves acted upon superstition. Huck learns close supertions from Jim while they are on their island. Jim informs Huck that things are given to those who are deserving. Twain really doesnt reflect on this good or bad. Only considering that Huck lea rns many leasons from playing superstitous related tricks on Jim. Jim gets what is owed to him only after his owners death and having gone through, what Tom views as a romantic game, but a life or death situation for Jim revealing to Huck that in fact that things are given derriere to those who are deserving. These events, superstition and violence have contributed to Twains view of pre-Civil War southern life as seen throughout his novel and the experinces of Huckleberry Finn.

A Streetcar Named Desire - Commentary Essay Example for Free

A Streetcar Named Desire Commentary turn outIn the play, A Streetcar Named Desire, written by Tennessee Williams, Blanche the protagonist who is mentally fragile and depends on her siss help to overcome various adversities as her husbands passing away and her paid many debts decides to move to New Orleans, where her sis lives. throughout the play, Blanche, who is from a southern part called Laurel, strives to conform to guilds norms and attempts to nd a man to marry her but she is incapable of feeling involved in the scenery and as a consequence of that, she loses her mentality at the end of the play. In this specic passage, Blanche returns from a date with the character Mitch who zests to marry her to please his ill mother. by this grumpy scene, Williams initiates to develop the descent surrounded by the aforementi unitaryd characters to reveal that their kindred depends merely on mutual benets rather than feelings. In this particular scene, Williams establishes the codependent relationship between Mitch and Blanche, which is founded on mutual lone blood fallss and the desire to be with anyone, to demonstrate that society employs printing press on each and every individual to conform to its norms.Initially, Williams assigns the elements of punctuation to highlight that the characters Blanche and Mitch ar forced to have a relationship that only depends on the desire to be with anyone because of gender stereotypes that society puts forth. For instance, the dramatist utilizes the element winkle to demonstrate that Mitch and Blanche awkwardly hesitate to approach each other. Mitch states the line Can I uh kiss you good-night?, and Blanche states the line The one that says the lady must entertain the gentleman or no dice. The dashes in these two quotes convey that both Mitch and Blanche appear to be hesitant and forced to be in this relationship. They tend to be indecisive about whether to nish their sentences or not. The characters uncerta inty draws a conclusion that they feel irresolute about whether they should obey with gender stereotypes of society or not.Additionally, Williams supports the aforementioned claim by utilizing another element of punctuation called ellipsis. Blanche states the line I liked the kiss very much. It was the other little familiarity that I felt obliged to caution. The utilization of ellipsis in this sentence once again proves that the characters constantly complete their sentences with hesitation and that they are uncomfortable talking to each other.Their constantly hesitating shown by these elements is due to the incident that in this particular setting, gender stereotypes are put forth by society which commands individuals to marry anyone to be regarded as median(prenominal) by the others. Blanche and Mitch, who do not actually bear feelings for each other, choose each other to be with these rules, but as a consequence of this situation, they appear to be forced to have this r elationship in tell to conform to gender stereotypes in society. Through the elements of punctuation, Williams remarks that Blanche and Mitch are forced to be together and that their co-dependent relationship is founded on the pressure that the norms of society exert.Furthermore, the playwright utilizes the elements of line drawing to reveal that the relationship between Blanche and Mitch depends rather on the pressure exerted by society than on emotions. Williams depicts Blanches state in this scene through employing drive and in carry characterization which put forth the conclusion that Blanche feels compelled and exhausted to have her relationship with Mitch. For instance, the playwright employs direct characterization in the stage direction to depict that Blanche has utter exhaustion in her voice and modality.This direct characterization reveals that Blanche becomes disappointed in the quality of the date that she and Mitch return from. As a outcome of this disappointment, she reects her exhaustion in her voice regarding that Mitch is not similar with the man whom she desires to have. Williams additionally utilizes direct characterization to regard Blanches personality as neurasthenic. This description conveys that Mitchs manners aggravate her due to the fact that his manners are inadequate compared to those of the man whom Blanche desires. Hence, these examples of direct characterization prove that Blanche, who becomes dissatised with Mitchs qualities feels obliged and compelled to have a relationship with Mitch because the norms of society force her to marry anyone to be regarded as popular.Moreover, Williams employs indirect characterization to indicate that Blanche strives to conform to the norms of society through having a relationship with Mitch. For example, Blanche states the line The one that says the lady must entertain the gentleman or no dice. Through this instance, the playwright highlights that women in society are regarded as worthles s without conforming to gender stereotypes. Blanche states that if she does not entertain her gentleman, she allow for have no dice. The conclusion drawn from this point is that women in society cannot endure unless they play their men. Hence, Blanche regards Mitch as her last option and conforms to gender stereotypes of society through having a relationship deprived of emotions. Through the elements of characterization, Williams conveys that Blanche and Mitch has an articial relationship on behalf of complying with gender stereotypes of society.Subsequently, Williams accounts the elements of gurative language to mention that Blanche and Mitch are coerced to be in a co-dependent relationship because of the constraint that gender stereotypes of society apply. Williams implements the element of allusion to address the aforementioned message. For instance, Mitch bears, upside down, a plaster statuette of Mae West. In this example, the statuette of Mae West is an allusion to the inn er desire between the couple regarding that Mae West is cognize as a sex symbol. However, since Mitch carries the statuette upside down, this signies that there is something wrong with the sexual connection between Mitch and Blanche. Indeed, the statuette refers to the lack of sexual tension between the couple due the fact that their relationship depends only on a mutual benet which is to be accepted by society.The playwright employs the allusion of Mae West to illustrate that there is not any sexual desire between the couple regarding that their relationship does not harbor any emotion. In addition, the playwright employs the allusion of the Seven Sisters to remark Blanches loneliness. The Seven Sisters, in like manner referred as the Pleiades, were the seven daughters of the Titan Atlas. They became a group of stars. Although Blanche has a sister, she is indeed mentally unsupported because of her sisters lack of consideration.Being compared to the Seven Sisters, she adores the S even Sisters for their unity, feels lonely and seeks to be with anyone to comply with the rules of society. Hence, she decides to rely on Mitch who is her last option. This allusion once again proves that Stella and Mitch build up an unnatural relationship deprived of feelings in order to conform to the norms of society. Williams implements the elements of gurative language to establish the relationship between Blanche and Mitch which merely depends on the desire to be with anyone and the pressure put forth by society.In summation, Tennessee Williams applies the elements punctuation, characterization and gurative language to develop the articial relationship between Blanche and Mitch, which originates from the desire to be with anyone, in order to illustrate that society compels each and every individual to obey its norms. Through these elements, Williams eventually claries that this imitated relationship arises from the enforcement exerted by the gender stereotypes of society.

Impact Of Virtual Reality On The Society Media Essay

Impact Of Virtual Reality On The Society Media EsenunciateDespite the disagreement Virtual Reality has awakened the world in enormous focal points and the guild should non stay dubious of the tremendous potentials it has to shore in an optimistic way a large technological development. The word virtual(prenominal) shares its root with virtue, a word whose original substance denoted strength. More recently, virtual has produce to describe something that possesses essence and effect with egress possessing form, something not quite physical, but with a measurable blow on the real. Thats certainly true of virtual worlds.Virtual h hotshotsty is turning protrude to be the topic with many opposing viewpoints. It has become the focal point of discussion among the general general for several reasons. Conceivably, this is mostly beca character of all the potentials which virtual truthfulness develops (Hoffman, 2004). However, despite the disagreement this new engineering science ha s awakened, rules of order should not stay dubious. Virtual realism if spendd in an optimistic way coffin nail bring a large technological development.Military and space technology, the entertainment industry, and the physical sciences contributed to the drive to make pass on calculating machines user friendly. Initially, complex simulators presented low-definition displays through and through binocular headsets. Addition of position sensors introduced motion parallax, with depth cues that created the illusion of be within a three-dimensional graphical display.The invention of a DataGlove, whose movements could be sensed by the figurer and then reconstructed in the display, enabled the observer and computer to interact with instructions disposed by the observer via simple hand movements much(prenominal) as pointing. The overall effect was that the observer get downd a computer-generated stilted or virtual reality (VR), whose credibility depended largely on the agreement between the simulated resource and the familiar sensible world (Zimmer, 2004).Societal Impacts of VRVirtual reality applications are finding their way into the mainstream of society. Initially, the use of VR (virtual reality) was underwriten as valuable precisely to scientists and engineers whose highly specialized needs more(prenominal) than than overcame the poor quality of the computer generated 3D images. For example, scientists tin can engage in molecular research by moving within molecules to rise their structures. Doctors and other medical personnel can practice elaborate or dangerous procedures before attempting them on human subjects. With special imaging software, the experience can take place on a virtual done of the patient awaiting surgery in the next room. Doctors can control a microscopic, mechanical, seeing-eye arm, through the automobile trunk which can lead to unwrap diagnoses regular on patients thousands of miles away (Zimmer, 2004).Immersive virtual reality pain disturbance was originated and developed by Hoffman Patterson at the Univ. of Washington Seattle and Harborview Burn Center.Source (Hoffman H. )Formerly, virtual reality was known as goose egg but a diminutive stride ahead of video games.However, it is now understandable that this technology can be utilize for more realistic inclinations. These purposes embrace national defense, medicinal and surgical measures and a variety of other functions. Society has not completely recognized the benefits of virtual reality as of however because it is still under progress. The basis for virtual reality enduring in its growth for so keen-sighted is mostly due to its intricacy (Riva, Mantovani, Capideville, 2007).Oddly, unconstipated though much has been printed most the possible societal impact of other rising technologies, such as contributetable action and cyborgization, comparatively very less has been penned great deal about the impact of VR on the society (Calvert , 2002). In my point of view this may be because great deal may believe they already wee-wee witnessed VR, through portrayal of VR on television and cinema the worlds of genetic production and cyborgization are less common, and yet seem proficient to transform the very concept of worldly concern (Lang, 1996).If this is why researchers flummox given reduced attention to VR, this position has resulted from erroneous philosophy (Zimmer, 2004). Virtual reality has the prospective to intensely modify human society, not by destabilizing our corporeal corpse (as genetic production or cyborgization may), but by changing our insight and relations.Other medical breakthroughs have occurred when humans use specially designed hardware in virtual worlds. Two of the hardware pieces specifically are a data glove and a body suit. The data glove fits the hand and has tiny sensors that record and transmit data about even the smallest movements of the fingers, hand, and wrist (Riva, 2005). Doctors have been able to use this information to identify and mensurate neuromuscular diseases of the hands. The data suit collects information about the human torso or even the entire body. With it, scientists can help individuals who have experienced leg traumas to learn to walk again. One researcher has even noted that disabled kids may someday engage in virtual rugby (Anderson Bushman, 2001).The menu of VR-experiences from which a patient king choose is limited by the capacity of the computer to generate accurate representations, by the skill of the designer, and by the preferences of the supervising clinician. Although the patient may choose from within that menu, choice is necessarily more constrained than in daily life. Restriction of choice in this way carries considerable potential for offense. At one level VR becomes a terrifying instrument of torture, at another a powerful meaning of education (Wiederhold Wiederhold, 2005). Fundamentally, the experiences generated are lim ited to those that man can design the meanings a patient might prop to them need not agree with those presumed by the VR designer. It would be irresponsible to introduce patients to a world that contains no more significance or deeper meaning than that which man can construct. For patients seeking to understand, as many do, the purpose of their suffering, VR is as unlikely as hallucinogenic drug use to provide access to a deeper reality in their search for meaning (Anderson Bushman, 2001).Another early application of VR was in training people for angry real-life occupations. Firefighters, for example, can practice fighting fires and searching for trapped victims. Even more cutting edge is corrosion a body suit that controls the movements of a robotic firefighter who can spark off into severe heat and see through dense smoke to rescue an unconscious person.Exploring volcanoes is a third example of how virtual reality is changing our world. For obvious reasons, it is not safe to shoot down trained volcanic experts into live volcanoes. However, it is possible to send a virtually controlled robot into the danger to send back digital images for hike up study (Wiederhold Wiederhold, 2005).In a virtual world, lifelike avatars can study and perhaps interact with the holographic display of a humanoid robotMore recently, VR has worked its way even beyond these initial applications into the workplace, school, and stand. Commercial applications include product design that is more efficient, requires less drop dead clip, and less money to develop. Entire buildings can be created and displayed for preconstruction walk-through. On a larger scale, the University of Washington has even created a virtual Seattle. Developers can examine and evaluate evoke flows in a rocket booster tank during a simulated launch (Zimmer, 2004). The aircraft industry can create new models and virtually experience instrumentation layout, seating arrangements, and emergency pathways.Now advertising agencies have developed virtual tours and objects to promote their products. Tourist attractions can share parts of their offerings from clear snorkeling waters to high-speed roller coasters to help entice travelers at collection plate or in a travel agency. Auto manufacturers can put the prospective buyer in their automobiles on the World Wide electronic network while the customer is still at home (Hoffman, 2004).Virtual 3-D factories facilitate experimentation with manufacturing processesand can expedite the training of workersGovernment entities which previously might have used virtual reality tho to simulate military maneuvers now might promote national treasures. Tank and submarine commanders benefit in particular from VR because the head mounted displays are very similar to looking through a periscope. Recently, the Smithsonian Institutions Museum of Natural level created a virtual museum tour on the Internet with the help of a team of educators at dissemina ted multiple sclerosis State University.Schools have benefited from virtual reality field trips and experiments (Riva, Mantovani, Capideville, 2007).Whether the students are learning in overt, private, or home school environments, they can engage in learning as never before. They can feel the do of gravity as they walk on the moon, explore deep sea caverns, get memorial tablet to face with beasts on a safari, or even touch the delicate rain forests creatures and vegetation. Students can also travel through virtual time. They can sit in on the signing of the Declaration of Independence, march through Atlanta with Dr. Martin Luther King, or trade flaming arrows with King Arthur (Cassidy Rimbeaux, 1994).Entertainment is drastically changing with virtual reality. video recording games are more sophisticated and true to life from competing in the giant slalom at the prodigious Games with Tommy Moe or Picabo Street to driving in the Indianapolis 500 with the Unser family to competi ng for Top Gun with Tom journey (Gross Levenson, 1995).Several years ago, Juggling for the Complete Klutz was published. It helped some people, but not everyone who wanted to be a clown. The missing element, now available with VR, was to slow down the action by reducing the effects of gravity. afterwards as the user becomes proficient, the gravity levels can be increased until they are back to Earth levels. My in the flesh(predicate) favorite though is Dreamality Technologies Inc.s Dream Glider (Gross Levenson, 1995). Ive always wanted to hang glide, but my wife has refused to take on me to do so because of the perceived dangers. Now, just by shelling out a few bucks and buirdly on a harness, I can enter a simulator and glide anywhere within a virtual environment. Each interactive ride is different because the skill of the rider determines the course and length of the shoot (Zimmer, 2004).Almost as fascinating as the applications of VR, is the psychology of life in a virtua l world. The carriage of humans get out be quite interesting to monitor as they begin to experience a phenomena known as reality confusion. Parents will have concerns about their children at school and at home participating in digital experiences. As with most new technologies that people and the press do not understand, the prospective evils are highlighted in discussions. However, concerns like isolationism and pornography, while valid, will finally give way to the fire benefits of virtual reality to our society. Therefore the way a few of us live now might be the way a larger population will live, decades hence (Hoffman, 2004).A common interrogatory is How close is virtual reality to true reality? It is true that there is a lot more that needs to be improved and developed. To truly bring a user to a point where one is unable to distinguish between reality and virtual reality, the hardware and software must encompass more of the senses. More powerful hardware will lead to be tter response times for the entire experience (Lang, 1996). Visually, resolutions must be high enough to match the capabilities of the human eye. Three-dimensional sound must tack stereo sound. The sense of touch must encounter force. Perhaps taste and smell will eventually work their way into virtual environments. In reality, the applications of virtual reality will stem from human needs, not out of technological capabilities (Lang, 1996).There is a huge amount of attention being given to the psychology of those who make use of the Internet, and to the Internets superior communal insinuation. Surely, VR and its possible societal and psychosomatic penalties ought to have this type of concentration, and much more. What will VR do to humanity, and to individual psychological understanding? Answers will be given to these conjectural questions in connection to communal domains.Although the social order knows a lot about VR there is still so much that it does not contemplate. Perhaps in future, new technology will come out and public will find out more about this virtual world (Zimmer, 2004). However, until that time, the questions will stay many and doubtful however the potential is limitless. People also argue about the presumptive societal effects of having most individual connections happen online, in the virtual or cyber world. Supporters of VR and online world say that prospect VR and technology could modify the stature of communication, thus drawing people more close to for each one other (Cassidy Rimbeaux, 1994).Noted by Lang (1996)The developers of the virtual worlds have limitless opportunities to shape the scale and appearance of the world, the capabilities of its avatars, the methods of communication, and even the laws of physics (e.g., space exploration over galactic distances). It is possible to explore new experiences that are not possible in any other medium (Lang, 1996).In 1999, Burger King conducted a focus sort to tour a new bloodline conce pta 3,300-square-foot 50s-style diner. What made it unusual was that the group never left their seats, and the store didnt exist. The technology that made it possible-3-D computer-assisted design (CAD) brings a new dimension to standard CAD applications, which designers have used for more than a decade to sketch store plans electronically. 3-D takes that process a step further by offering a new perspective, thus making it easier to picture shelf sets and giving clients more input at an earlier stage in the design process (Zimmer, 2004).3-D helps designers communicate better with store owners. Frequently, building owners arent comfortable with reading 2-D construction documents and may not fully understand the design. This causes dear(p) changes late in the design or construction process.Using 3-D also helps identify errors, such as interferences between ductwork and the buildings structure, early in the design process, which eliminates costly change orders in construction and speed s the time to successful project completion (Zimmer, 2004).Electronic renderings force designers to be more objective and think about perspective. Additionally, mistakes are a upshot of a mouse click. Once youve done a hand rendering, theres nothing you can do to change it. Its not a particularly responsive tool in impairment of speed and revision. If somebody can see how something is going to work, they may choose a design theyd otherwise avoid. The same is true for materials.ConclusionThe technology is turning out to be so complicated that public will no longer be able to differentiate whether they are in virtual or actual reality. Technology most certainly has the capability to go haywire. It is likely that VR will turn out to be a technological advancement which humans will be unable to control and will take over all of humanity. If this were the carapace, culture and the populace within it would turn out to be timid if they were in virtual or actual reality. If society is clever enough to create such a technology it should be clever enough to decide and manage its penalties (Zimmer, 2004). Often times in the history, society in its entirety has been subject to decisions made by those of the inventors of new expertise. Without the direction and authority of society upon VR it could go to squander, or even turn out to be societys enemy of sorts.However, in case of medical field exercises, Medical paternalism might lead to premature and ill-judged clinical applications of VR. Without professional self-regulation, abuse by experimentalists and inept therapists seems only too likely. A VR machine may be developed, for clinically excusable purposes, to treat phobias or help establish adaptive coping behaviors in response to stress.No matter how much humanity is responsive of virtual reality, the individual mind still has instincts that cannot be forbidden. That is one of the disadvantages of VR. That no one is convinced what to anticipate. Just as the cas e may be with any other ability, the only way to find out the results of VR is to test the limits to which it can go. Knowing the virtual reality has the capability to see so many people in such a big number of ways, there is a substantial need to have some kind of restraints (Gross Levenson, 1995). This brings up one more input consideration as to who should be in charge of restraining this virtual world. If the government is in power it could possibly be ill-treated and mishandled. However, if society entirely is left to consider its uses, the affects could be also good or bad.

Fauji Fertilizer Company Ffc Background Management Essay

Fauji plant food society Ffc play down care EssayIn 2002, FFC acquired ex Pak Saudi fertilisers Limited carbamide kit and caboodle, situated at Mirpur Mathelo. This acquisition, charge PKR 8,151 zillion, is virtuoso of the largest industrial sector transactions in Pakistan to date. Today, FFC has three plants with a combined competency of 5,770 MTPD of prilled carbamide. It is ane of the thirty coarsegest companies of Pakistan, represented via the KSE-30.2 Along with cosmos unriv in alled of the largest urea producers in the country, FFC is involved in genteelness manpower and providing turnaround services inside Pakistan and in the Middle East.A timeline of the evolution of FFC ensues.31978 Incorporation of the Company.1982 charge of Plant I, Goth Machhi with yearly capacity of 570 thousand tonnes.1991 Listed with Karachi and Lahore Stock Exchanges.1992 Through the De-Bottle Necking (DBN) programme, the work capacity of Plant I was increased to 695 thousand tonnes p er year.1992 Listed with Islamabad Stock Exchange.1993 Commissioning of Plant II, Goth Machhi with annual capacity of 635 thousand tonnes of Urea.1993 Initial investment in Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited, a DAP and Urea manufacturing trouble currently point of views at Rs 4.75 billion representing 50.88% b atomic number 18lyice shargon.1997 With achievement of Quality Management System certification in Goth Machhi, FFC became the first fertiliser plant in Pakistan to achieve this distinction.2002 FFC acquired ex Pak Saudi Fertilizers Limited (PSFL) Urea Plant situated in Mirpur Mathelo (Plant III) with annual capacity of 574 thousand tonnes of urea, which was the largest industrial sector transaction in Pakistan at that time.2003 FFC obtained certification of Occupational Health Safety Assessment Series, OHSAS-180011999.2004 With investment in Pakistan borderlandoc Phosphore, Morocco S.A. of Rs 706 jillion, FFC has impartiality participation of 12.5% in PMP.2008 Investme nt of Rs 1.5 billion in Fauji Cement Company Limited, currently representing 6.79% equity participation.2008 DBN of Plant III was executed and commissioned success to the full for enhancement of capacity to 718 thousand tonnes annu completelyy.2010 Investment in FFC talent Limited, Pakistans first wind power electricity generation insure.2011 glance all over ERP apply in the Company, improving tune processes by reducing time lags and duplication of work.VisionPakistan is a burgeoning market, not just in cost of head count, besides besides in advancement in the way agri- blood line is now carried proscribed. Gone are the days of antiquated plant foods, quite, only the topper is now sought. FFC foresees this market to be extremely lucrative. It wants clients to benefit from its palette of product offerings, both domestic and outside the home country. It seeks to be thought of as not just the best there is, but too as a conscientious and caring accompany.FFC look ats to be positioned as a very well-rounded organization in the minds of all its stakeholders, whether external or inhering. Its value reach has quality at its core. It strives to be successful via total integration of streamlined processes, incompar fit products, driven and cause workforce, and extraordinary service, all the while staying ahead of the competition and continuously scanning the market.Corporate dodgingOur flexile and dynamic bodied strategy strives for enhancing customer satisfaction by adding value over the long run. We aim at creating value for the stakeholders by principal(prenominal)taining and improving our competitive position in the market. This is achieved by focusing on our sustainable competitive usefulness that is derived by continuously assembling and exploiting an appropriate combination of resources and capabilities in reception to the changing market conditions. Our organizational culture is one of our or so fundamental competitive advantages. We make built and preserved an innovation-adept culture, a culture that promotes transparency and duty through honesty, integrity and diligence in our relations with employees, customers, fiscal market, government, regulatory authorities, and all the otherwise(a) stakeholders. Diversification in business line is also being considered. Our unique corporate strategy gets aligned with the resource allocation system and flows down to the operational aims, therefore ensuring its implementation at all levels along with the achievement of the intended results.6FFC focuses on value addition. This means that everyone at the company tries to make each subsequent year better than the previous one. This enhances the value creation process. For this, the corporate strategy is characterised by flexibility and innovation, which are also the core components of the culture of the organization. FFC prides itself on having been able to unwrap a culture which is innovative, transparent, and hones t.Innovation allows FFC to be able to anticipate and prepare for change, by aligning its internal strengths with the external opportunities. Transparency enables FFC to satisfy every stakeholders requisites, since nothing is swept under the rug. This promotes diligent behaviour and accountability at all levels. Honesty is a trait which is valued from the very top to the very fanny of the hierarchy at FFC.It is this particular combination of all the above that the culture is both employee centric and customer centric. The human element, be it in the form of a worker/manager or a customer, is super valued at FFC. Therefore, while the former is kept abreast of everything that goes on in the organization, the latter is certified of premium quality product and premium quality service every single time.Organization is all about teamwork. FFC is aware of this, which is why it holds uncompromising integrity and hard work from all individuals, so that the add is greater than the parts. There is mutual understanding, trust, and interdependence. In return, FFC has a very worker friendly environment. Commitments within the company as well as with business partners, suppliers and customers are valued and kept.FFC is founded upon the principles7 of Honesty in communication chastity in products and services Consistency and synchronisation in words and actions Compassion in familys within the little and mega environments of the organization Fairness to all stakeholders through adherence to laws, regulations and policies.FFCs Financial HealthFauji Fertilizer Company (FFC) enjoys abiding vaunt depict from Mari gas fields because they come under Fauji Foundations ownership. This translates into a huge competitive advantage over other fertilizer manufacturers, which are linked with the Sui-based profits.Financial advancedlights of FFC for the current year appear in the table below. These are for the period ended September 30, 2012.82012 (Rs 000)2011 (Rs 000)Turnover2 9,208,41336,321,157Cost of crude sales-22,778,306-22,565,347Gross make headway6,430,10713,755,810Administrative Expenses-677,700-550,247Other Income695,1851,092,089Taxation-991,876-3,721,386Profit after Tax2,130,4817,169,794Earnings per share (Rs.)2.287.68Source FFCs one-year Report for the Third Quarter, 2012R unconstipatedue increased by 49% during the first half of 2012, due to high urea prices and sales of imported DAP. FFC urea sales exceeded 500,000 tons in June, which made up for declining sales in the first five months of 2012. In total, urea sales were up by 6% to 1.2 million tons in the period under review.9Urea prices remained volatile from April to June 2012, as the GoP heady on a price slash for May, along with an announcement of reversal of Rs 50 per bag in June. This was much necessitate so as to be able to compete with cheaper imported fertilizer, due to government subsidy on it. FFCs urea plant underwent 30% gas curtailment plump year, which was ten percent m ore than that decided for the plants operating on the Sui gas interlock. This resulted in an extended shutdown of 27 days of the urea plant, and a decline of 17% in urea business, on a YoY basis.The scenario on the DAP front was opposite to the one on the urea front. In spite of the gas curtailment, FFC managed to operate the DAP plant at a level which exceeded 2010s proceeds level of 0.66 million tons.Due to the imposition of Gas Infrastructure and Development Surcharge (GIDS), gross profit margin was 47% during April to June 2012, a decline of 12.52 percentage points on a yearly basis. This was also exacerbated by the net lessening of Rs 100 per bag of urea during the same period.Other income was unable to financial backing the bottom line as it declined by 15%, mainly due to lack of dividend earning from subsidiary Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited. Financial charges increased by 36% which can be explained by the increase in short-term borrowings. However, long-term borrowin gs ease up declined, and the Company was able to have a very healthy debt to equity ratio (19% in 2011 as compared to 49% in 2006). Debt increased due to the Companys decision to revamp its urea and DAP plants many(prenominal) years back. FFC has been able to repay its long-term obligations because of its sustainable revenue stream. 10IT VisionThe IT Strategy at FFC shall complement our Corporate Vision by business transformation through technology innovation, introducing best practices and connecting our processes for timely selective randomness and optimized performance to succeed in our endeavours.11 study Systems play out project the implementation of bore ERP is finally complete, with the transformation from Legacy to SAP system gone smoothly at all locations.BMS a Building Management System (BMS) is a centralized computer based control system, linking equipment for ventilation, fire, security, power, and so forth onto one platform, which enables timely and coordinated r esponse to different facilities at the same time. Also, the integrated end-to-end system optimizes get-up-and-go consumption.Electronic recruitment FFC launched an online career portal in accordance with its HR department, and increase of the portal by its IT division. All this has been done to make the recruiting process efficient, and to match individuals to jobs.SAP implementation support IT at all locations provided support to SAP users in learning to use and adapt to SAP. This support comprised of trainings, onsite and offsite support, and troubleshooting. Technical support was also provided to help resolve outstanding issues, in alliance with functional teams at SAP Project Office.Information SecurityPenetration testing at branch sites the information security department contributed hugely in that it secured its information network post SAP implementation. It assessed the potential threats which could pose a security risk towards the FFC network and/or the SAP system.Securit y awareness sessions at branch sites and the Head Office the importance of information security was imparted to employees everywhere via awareness sessions. Some of the key points covered in these sessions were security risks, threat vectors, hacking trends, and so on More than 200 employees of FFC attended these sessions at their respective sites.Business ModelFauji Fertilizer Company has several(prenominal)(prenominal) important factors at the heart of its business. These have been summed up in a business model, with three components, at FFC.Growth DriversFFCs growth is primarily driven by exponential expansion in sales revenue, provide by strong demand for our product and effective distribution network all over the country. readiness enhancement is our long term goal. We continuously seek opportunities to improve efficiency of our business processes to optimise costs, utilising slight to produce more.Our sales are largely cash based, which gives us the margin to effectively ut ilise accessible cash resources to fulfil the Companys working capital requirements, and hence minimise external funding requirements resulting in lessen finance costs. 12What fuels growth at FFC? The retained earnings, which are the result of ever change magnitude demand for fertilizer. The Company is cost effective, which allows it to reduce dependency on external funding.Our Key AssetsHuman capital is by far our most treasured asset, directly affecting performance of the Companys business processes, ensuring success every year.Among our most valuable assets is our brand pick out Sona, which is the soul behind our followence, growth and prosperity.We are continuously investing in our production facilities to enhance operational efficiency and fuel the key growth drivers.Our extensive distribution network extends to all provinces of the Country, ensuring maximum market presence.13What makes FFC click?Its workforce.Its brand name, Sona, which helped in putting FFC on the map.In vestment in production facilities to have lean operations.Strong distribution.How We Leverage Our AssetsOur assets in turn are leveraged by our counsel excellence and our consumer centric approach.Our strategies are focused around consumer satisfaction and quality perfection.The pursuit of excellence in every sphere of operation is our aim which ensures continued success.Our farsighted commission strategies are focused on development of our key assets which form the foundation for future growth.14Success at FFC results from managerial excellence, focus on the customer, no compromise on quality, and a long term orientation.REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY USEDSAP ERPSAP AG (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is a German multinational software system system corporation, which makes enterprise software to manage business operations, customer relations, operations, and record keeping. SAP ERP15 (Enterprise Resource Planning) is an integrated software solution that utilizes and consolidates information from all business functions and departments in an organization. It provides solutions for the following typefaces of any business, with the modules in bullet pointsSAP ERP FinancialsAccounts payable/Accounts dueFinancial reportingRisk management/Regulatory complianceCash flow manageing set off managementSAP ERP Human Capital ManagementHR and payrollLabour force abbreviationPlacement/Recruitment and training/Talent managementSAP ERP OperationsProcurement and logisticsProduct development and manufacturingSales and serviceOperations analyticsImplementationOn January 10th, 2011, one of the biggest feathers in FFCs cap was the implementation of the SAP, under its transition to an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. Abacus Consulting was its technical partner and consultant. Initially, SAP was used in tandem bicycle with FFCs old system, Legacy, but eventually, the latter was completely done away with. FFC holds the distinction of pioneering the in troduction of an ERP system in Pakistan.16FFCs management went ahead with the idea of SAP implementation believing that it would create value addition in departments of marketing, supply chain, finance, accounting system, human resource, and procurement, amongst others. The SAP implementation at FFC was carried out in several phases. Despite the management being satisfied with the inbuilt revamping program, the system is not without its drawbacks. The most crucial of these is that SAP cannot be operated optimally until the user has complete command over its functions. Therefore, consultants and/or specialists are required if SAP has to be fully utilized for its benefits at such an early stage of its installation.SAP ERP consists of several modules and sub-modules, an outline of which appears above. The software takes the information, data, statistics, etc. from all the modules, and combines them to facilitate the organizations decision making, process streamlining, human effort ex pended, through product design and development, production and inventory control, human resources, finance and accounting. This overall procedure is known as enterprise resource planning, and it is carried out on a companywide scale. If this procedure is carried out correctly, any organization can transcend from its old system to this fully integrated software. The magnitude of benefits to be reaped is huge, e.g. efficient business processes, inventory reduction, and lead time reduction, to name a few. Updates in SAP only need to be done once, and they automatically get implemented company-wide. It provides real time information, reducing the happening of redundancy errors, shortages, and higher TATs. Areas like supply chain, procurement, finance and accounting stand to benefit greatly. On the other end of the spectrum, there are the negative aspects. Firstly, the software is anything but cheap. Secondly, it is not just expensive it is very technical, sophisticated, and intricate. Companies face problems while implementing SAP ERP software, for example, failing to be special(prenominal) about operational objectives, no orientation towards change, flexibility, and futuristic perspective, and lack of a learning organization.The following sections dilate some of the major advantages and disadvantages of using SAP.17, 18Advantages of SAPIntegration SAP does not focus on or improve individual performance, so the goal of using SAP should be getting benefits from integration. This reduces ill-advised data entry and overlapping entries.Flexibility SAP allows organizations to create their own framework of operations within the SAP structure. This framework dictates issues like access levels of employees, signoffs required at which level, flagged and correct transactions, etc. For example, FFC has the authority to restrict which employee can access what field in the SAP structure.Analytical software apart from being able to keep track of various activities going o n simultaneously, both short- and long-term, SAP has in-built analytical features. For example, it can monitor the value chain, and then evaluate when the next shipment or order is due, and time it accordingly. Monitoring, evaluation, decision making, and execution, are all enabled via the usage of SAP, all at once.Disadvantages of SAPExpensive being able to utilize SAP optimally entails software, hardware, implementation, consulting, training, hiring specialists, programmers, bushel and maintenance staff, etc. Employees have to be trained in those aspects of the software that they have access to. The story does not end here, because trainers might leave after training personnel, but the repair and maintenance experts need to be kept on retainer. Other ongoing costs include those incurred for software up gradation. If IT experts or consultants are outsourced, even that increases the labour costs of the organization overall.Hidden costs modernise along the way of SAP systems integr ation projects. SAP projects are expensive enough to begin with. total to that the burden of additional unanticipated costs, and the corporation can say goodbye to a high ROI. A common example of such a cost is those work items that were not part of the original project plan. These include custom modifications, applying more resources to areas of the implementation that were outside the project plan, etc.Detrimental to user the true software does not have the ability to detect errors, and SAP is no exception. It also falls feed in to the carried-forward error. The employees know that once a wrong entry has been made, it entrust be a part of the entire database of information. This makes employees/users more susceptible to make mistakes.Complexity due to this feature of SAP, organizations spread out the implementation over a period of time, rather than all at once. The complete implementation might take several years, which also enhances employees skill set in pieces. The time ta ken for complete integration might contract so exhaustive that the managements focus on post-integration planning be pushed into oblivion. The management might just make up ones mind for the system integration, and unconsciously avoid what is coming after the integration.Management project managers, in some instances, have to deal with problems and provide solutions, instead of the users who logged in the original complaints into SAP. The software calls for scope management, which not every employee is able of.ORACLE E-BUSINESS SUITEOracle Corporation is an American multinational specializing in developing software for enterprises, with a focus on database management systems. It also has software for enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM) and supply chain management (SCM), to name a few.19The company offered software for the financial aspect of businesses in late 1980s. Now however, its product palette is not just limited to ERP, CRM, or SCM, i nstead it reaches into areas like warehouse management, human resource, procurement, product lifecycle management, etc. Expansion and growth of Oracles application software business has come about through acquisitions and in-house developments.Oracle resorted to product bundling when it came up with its Oracle E-Business Suite fall by the wayside 12 (Oracle EBS R12). This version keeps Oracles core database management system technology intact, and the E-Business Suite branches out into several product lines.20Oracle CRMOracle FinancialsOracle HRMSOracle Mobile Supply Chain ApplicationsOracle ramble ManagementOracle ProcurementOracle Project Portfolio ManagementOracle QuotesOracle Transportation ManagementOracle Warehouse Management SystemsOracle InventoryOracle Enterprise Asset Management plant food INDUSTRY REVIEWFor many developing countries, the focus is on economic recovery after the financial crisis of 2007-08. However, issues of increasing population and rising food prices h ave made food security a big concern for policy makers as well. The latter two issues are equally, if not more, important for the underdeveloped countries, and Pakistan is no exception.Pakistan is an agro-based economy. The agriculture sector has provided the impetus for economic growth. This can be observed by the fact that it provides barter to almost 45% of the total labour force, in one way or the other. It is a seasonal sector, so there are jobs all-year round. On the reverse side of this picture, income generated from this sector fuels demand for products made by other sectors (industrial and tertiary). This interdependence, so to speak, is indicative of the importance of this sector for Pakistan. most 21% of GDP is contributed by the artless sector.21 Some major coiffes and their contribution appear belowCropsProduction (kt) 2009/10Production CAGR 2000/01 2009/10 allot (Kt/Acre) 2009/10Gross Value Addition of Major CropsWheat23,8642.60%1.0739%Cotton2,1591.90%0.2822% sif t6,8834.20%0.9718%Sugarcane49,3731.30%21.210%Source Economic Survey of Pakistan 2009/10The agriculture sector of Pakistan was adversely affected due to the floods approximately two and a half years ago. They had damaged around 30% of the agricultural area, and resulted in crop losses worth USD 2.5 billion. This flood damage also affected the fertilizer sector. This is due to the evident strong inter linkages between the agriculture sector and the fertilizer diligence.22Crop-wise damage and the area affected are shown in the table below.CropsAffected Area (mn acres)Area AffectedCotton1.317%Rice1.423%Sugarcane0.416%Source Fertilizers in Pakistan. Demand, Production and Imports. By Eqan Ali Khan, Business Head, Fert and Agri Commodities Mar 30, 2011The fertilizer industry in Pakistan is basically an oligopoly. This oligopoly is characterised by 4 major players in the market Fauji Fertilizer Company, Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited, Engro Fertilizer, and Dawood Hercules Fertilizer. A new and fast growing addition is Fatima Fertilizer, of the Fatima Group. If we look at the production of urea by the four companies respective contribution, FFC and FFBL dominate by producing 48% of the total, Engro produces 15%, and Dawood Hercules produces 6%. Almost 20% is imported and distributed through NFML. When we look at the production of phosphorus, a similar pattern emerges. FFC and FFBL stand at 47%, Engro at 28%, Agritech at 2%, RG at 1% and around 22% is imported.CDocuments and SettingsAdministratorDesktopUntitled.pngSource Fertilizers in Pakistan. Demand, Production and Imports. By Eqan Ali Khan, Business Head, Fert and Agri Commodities Mar 30, 2011Fertilizer production is surd in nitrogenous fertilizers, which comprises 85% of all fertilizers produced in the country. Although other types of fertilizers are also produced in Pakistan, the main reason for this concentration on nitrogenous fertilizers is that its main raw material, i.e. natural gas, is cheaply availa ble in the country. The raw material for other fertilizers such as potassium and phosphate has to be imported.23Fertilizer is Pakistans most important and expensive input in agricultural production. The contribution that the use of balanced fertilizer makes towards increasing yield varies from around 30 to 60 percent in different crops production. Almost all of Pakistans poop is deficient in nitrogen (N), 80 to 90 percent is deficient in phosphorus (P), and 30 percent is lacking in potassium (K).24 Land used for just one type of crop is facing declining fertility, for the obvious reason that only certain nutrients are being used. When these land holdings are not used in crop rotation, the soil does not get replenished, and productivity for future crops declines.Nutrient authentic (Kg/Acre)Recommended (Kg/Acre)Nitrogen4141Phosphorous920.5Potassium0.410.3Source Fertilizers in Pakistan. Demand, Production and Imports. By Eqan Ali Khan, Business Head, Fert and Agri Commodities Mar 30, 2011From July 2011 to March 2012, domestic production of fertilizer decreased by 1.4%. This was the result of the industry experiencing a curtailment in the supply of natural gas, which is the main raw material for producing urea, therefore some urea plants produced less than their production capacity. However, import of urea made up for this slack, increasing the supply of fertilizer by 16.3%. On the consumption side however, this increase in supply was met by a reduction of 4.9%.Screen Shot 2012-11-19 at 11.55.38.pngSource Fertilizers in Pakistan. Demand, Production and Imports. By Eqan Ali Khan, Business Head, Fert and Agri Commodities Mar 30, 2011 2 major reasons for this reduced fertilizer consumption was the heavy and destructive rains in Sindh province, and the price hike go about by all fertilizers. The price of urea went up by 81.4% in July-March, 2011-12 (as compared to the same period of the go fiscal year). The prices of DAP, CAN and NP also increased by 38.8%, 75.5%, and 45.7%, respectively, over the same period last year.25FertilizerPre-GST Co. to Dealer Transfer Prices (Rs/Ton)Taxation ImpactPost GST Co. to Dealer Transfer Prices (Rs/Ton)Urea20,40013.20%23,100DAP66,02519.14%78,660 cut down48,20017.05%56,420Source Engro AnalyticsThe actual price which the dealer faces is truly seen after the tax burden has been accounted for. The differential is huge, as the figures in the table above show.Pakistan is able to produce approximately 7 million tons of urea annually currently. Out of this total, capacity of 4 million tons is dependent upon gas from Mari gas fields, and the other 3 million tons on Sui Northern Gas Pipeline (SNGPL) and Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC). During 2011, all these plants produced a little less than 5 million tons of urea.26In the past, gas supply to fertilizer units linked to SNGPL was curtailed in winter. However, last year, units receiving gas from Mari go about 20% curtailment, and the ones getting gas from SGGPL and SS GC faced mandatory closure up to 60 days. In 2012, this mandatory closure is expected to exceed 90 days. The sorry state of affairs can be assessed by the fact that from January 1 till October 31, 2011, fertilizer plants on the SNGPL network current the equivalent of just 3.5 days of gas per week, relative to other sectors, which received 4 to 5 days of gas a week. For the fertilizer industry, gas is an input without which it cannot manufacture urea, whereas for other sectors, it is not an absolute necessity.27If current levels of gas curtailment are adhered to, industry experts expect urea production to be around 4.8 million tons during 2012. However, this is an optimistic number. Realistically, units will probably have difficulty in achieving even this production level, mainly due to the widening gap between demand and supply of gas as projected by the government.It is pertinent to bear in mind that even if subsidy on gas were to be completely abolished by the Government, Fauji F oundation has under its ownership and control Mari gas fields. In a manner of speaking, backward vertical integration exists, so any adverse change in regulations regarding gas subsidy will not be detrimental to FFCs operations.With the demand for urea forecasted to be 6.3 million tons in 2012, the shortfall is expected to be around 1.5 million tons. This is a very sore scenario for the economy, since internal capacity is well able to meet this demand. Externally, when imports will be resorted to, they will erode the countrys exotic exchange by USD 600 million, at the very least, based on current prices, and may be even more costly if international prices rise. It is expected that any hike in crude oil prices will automatically escalate urea prices in the international markets. Growing tension between the United States and Iran has already initiated a spiraling increase in global crude oil prices.28Under consideration is the possibility that urea manufacturers should exercise the LNG import option to meet the shortfall in gas supply. There exist two schools of thought regarding this debate. One says that running plants on LNG is not feas

Body Of Evolution Of Musical Film Genres Film Essay

Body Of suppuration Of Musical Film Genres Film EssayOn the primitive period, medicamental theater generates as an hybrid from European operetta and American vaudeville and music hall. A director that represents this period is Busby Berkeley. His films pay not assistance to the plot, ar vehicle for song and dance. It is pure spectacle and sensuality. Sex is offered through the attentiveness (Hayward, 2000).On the mature period, from the 30s to the 50s, songs and dance move with the communicatory and argon introduced on a natural flair. Fred Astaire develops an elegant, stylised style and Gene Kelly develops a more than energetic one (Hayward, 2000).From the 50s to the 70s, musicals are more realistic, subjects as racism, delinquency are treated. Examples are West side story, whose narrative is based on Romeo and Juliet, Saturday darkness Fever and Grease. Some other films go back to the traditional narrative structure, as Barbra Streisand and The sound of Music(1965) (Hayw ard, 2000).Cabaret(1972) Bob Fosse has influences of art cinema and the tv camera work is different than usual, it goes from fluid to vertiginous (Hayward, 2000).Formal conventions, stereotypes and narrative (Hayward, 2000) (Cohan, 2010)For Altman (1989) musicals on the mature period are an ode to marriage. The narrative is based on the article of belief of pairing and mirroring. Male and female are paired, maturity is paired to immaturity. The main(prenominal) characters are mirrored in other couples, settings are mirrored in others (Hayward, 2000).Camera work, editing compared to dominant codes of continuity. Use of diegesis.The genre can not be as used to be on the past, these times are far too cynical for it, it would not be taken seriously. The way to do it would be making singing an bounce naturalised at bottom a fictive world or being be as fantasies occurring within a characters mind (Cohan, 2010).Conventions in HSM follow the traditional ones . It follows the convent ion of duality (the two main characters). What it adds is a contrast between authenticity, represented by the main couple, and manipulated artistry, represented by another couple organize by Sharpay and Ryan. (Cohan, 2010).theories of attestantship and scopophilia (Richardson, 2008), (Hayward, 2000) and (Sturken Cartwright, 2009)It is elicit to analyse what appeals the viewer. We can go from psychoanalytical theories, to cognitive theories, to theories that distinguish the spectator for gender, to later theories that consider that the spectator the pleasure that the spectator feel at looking at others.Some musical genre detractors consider that the character breaking suddenly out into singing and dancing creates a sense of alienation as spectator(Cohan, 2010).Reasons that can attend to bear on the genre.Cohan mentions David Rooney and Jonathan Bing describing which can be the factors to bring back musicals. They mention the development of bran-new technology to help with the task of shooting and editing and to reduce costs. in any case the after-market of the fans of musical can be financially interesting, as they are reprise viewers, so DVDs and soundtracks would sell, as well as merchandising would do. Another interesting factor is that youth audience has been raised on music videos. This could help to explain the success of High School Musical or gleefulness (Cohan, 2010).There are also negative factors, as that cinema industry is offer young male audience other products that get their attention (Cohan, 2010).Intertextuality. viewing audience have a wider optic knowledge that make them able to say messages transmitted on ambiguous ways. This mechanism is known as intertextuality.Chandler (2003) quotes Leiss (1990)The growing preponderance of visuals in ads has enhanced the ambiguity of meaning embedded in message structures. Earlier advertising usually states its message quite explicitly through the medium of written text, but starting in the m id-1920s visual representation became more common, and the relationship between text and visual stick out became complementary that is, the text explained the visual. In the postwar period, and especially since the early 1960s, the last of text moved away from explaining the visual and towards a more mystical form, in which text appeared as a kind of key to the visual.In all, the effect was to make the commercial message more ambiguous a reading of it depended on relating elements in the ads internal structure to each other, as well as drawing in references from the external world.HSM and authorship. HSM in schools.Postmodernism in last musicals productions for TVCohan (2010) quotes EdwardsThe charm and artistic merit of the original HSM impression lies in its ability to consider a sophisticated theatrical and musical heritage and consequently revise it for a modern audience it concurrently conforms to genre expectations and pays homage to its textual influences while taking a postmodern delight in exposing its own limitations and playing with some gentle mixed bag of literary and cinematic predecessors.

Adamantinoma of the Right Tibia Case Study

Ada gaytinoma of the Right Tibia Case StudyINTRODUCTIONAdamantinoma is base grade malignant tumour of fibroblast origin. in like manner called as primary epidermoid carcinoma of bone, malignant angioblastoma or epithelial tumor of bone. It was first described by Fischer in 1913.1 It represents less than 0.4% of all malignant bone tumors.2 The exact origin of adamantinoma is unknown, the classical variant is composed of epithelial cells and osteofibrous components. It is more prevalent in work force than in women, ratio being 54. The common come a capacious of innovation is in the second decade, though it can vary greatly mingled with the second to fifth decades.3 The common site of occurrence is the ramus of the mandible. The otherwise unmatched locations entangle shaft of long bones (97%), mid-shaft of tibia (80%-85%).4 Other archaic locations includes the humerus, ulna, femur, fibula and radius but ribs, spine, metatarsal and carpal bones.5 The characteristic features o f adamantinoma is s woeful, dawdling development with high chances of local restitutions and as well as metastases to lungs.6 In this case study, we absorb presented a r atomic number 18 histological acanthomatous variant of adamantinoma of the even off tibia with metastases to the respectable inguinal region.CASE REPORTA 45 year experienced male forbearing presented with history of pain in sound forking since 3-4 months, insidious onset, gradually progressive, aggravated on exercise, relieved on tarry and medication. Later persevering had no relief on medication. on that point was no history of trauma or fall preceeding to onset of symptoms. The patient too complained of swelling in the slump groin since 1 month, without pain. On examination, the patient was stable. Local examination try outed, a swelling of about 5X3cm in the amphetamine end serious leg, tender, well defined, hard in consistency, smooth surface, involving the right knee joint line. There was restr iction of movement, but range of movements was present. interrogation of right inguinal region revealed a 7X6cm firm, non-matted mass, immobile, non-tender, non-reducible, non-pulsatile mass. Local examination of penis, scrotum, anal canal, hernia orifices was normal. Baseline investigations were done, all the haematological parameters were normal, ultrasound abdomen and chest radiograph was normal. Plain radiograph of right tibia showed large rally lytic lesion with sclerotic margins, involving the upper end and shaft of tibia without involvement of right knee joint. Supra-patellar amputation of right leg with right inguinal and right outer iliac nodal dissection was done. Histopathological examination of the mass was done. The reported was suggestive of acanthomatous adamantionoma. The features ar as described, central area of squamous cell nests which were well differentiated with keratinization border by a rim of myxoid cells. Further immunohistochemistry(IHC) study was d one to back the diagnosing. IHC was also legitimate with the diagnosis and confirmed the diagnosis. Positivity was found for cytokeratin(CK), EMA, CK-19, CK-5, CK-6, P-63, and Ki-67 and vimentin. Also metastases to right inguinal lymph node was confirmed.DISCUSSIONThe first bone tumor with epithelial characteristic was reported by Maier in 1900, later in 1913 Fischer termed it as adamantinoma. It is more common in men than in women. The age of presentation varies between the second to fifth decade. The uncommon sites includes the shaft of long bones(97%), of which the mid-shaft of tibia being the about common site(80-85%). The symptoms at presentation include pain with localised swelling. Swelling is the most common symptom. Pain whitethorn be present due to history of repetitive trauma associated with adamantinoma.7 Adamantinoma is low grade malignant tumor, and can metastasize to loco-regional nodal areas and to lungs at presentation. The patient in the case report was also a m iddle aged man in the fifth decade with pain and swelling in the right tibia since 3-4 months and swelling in the right groin.Three theories have been proposed for the bloodline of cell of origin, 1) epithelial, 2) angioblasts, and 3) synovial tumors from uncommon ectopic sites. This was done because the tumor thread is composed of twain epithelial and osteofibrous components.8 In different combinations, different conceptions are formed. On microscopy, the commonest form is the classical variant, followed by the osteofibrous pattern. In the classic variant, the types are basaloid, spindle cell, tubular, and squamous patterns. In the classical variant, central epithelial component with border zone of fibrous tissue containing few immature trabecuated bone components are seen. In the osteofibrous variant, cental area of fibrous tissue, surrounded by off-base zone of epithelial components are seen. Spindle cell variant is most commonly seen with recurrent lesion and metastatic le sions. The typical findings of classical variant were consistent in our case as well, which showed a well differentiated keratinizing pattern of squamous cell nests surrounded by a rim of myxoid cells.Immunohistochemistry exhibits positivity for both epithelial and osseous elements. Fibrous components are positive for vimentin. Epithelial components show positivity for cytokeratin(CK) 5, 14, 19 rarely positive for CK 1,13,17. It is ordinarily negative for CK 8 and 18. Also shows positivity for epithelial growth fixings, fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor receptor. Our case had features as described, also positivity was found for p-63, Ki-67 and CK-6, which favour our diagnosis of acantomatous adamantinoma.Genetic studies reveal chromosomal abberations on chr 7,8,12,19.9 Also aneuploidy has been associated with epithelial components.10 There is loss of heterozygosity of p53 gene. Rarely,(1122) translocations have been reported in case of adamantinoma, and is termed adamantinoma-like ewings sarcoma.11 1122 translocation is not seen is in adamantinoma.Radiological investigations include radiographs, computer tomography(CT), magnetised resonace imaging(MRI). All the modalities are necessary not only to confirm the diagnosis, also to define the extent of involve and the aggressiveness of the tumor. On plain radiographs usually eccentric, lobulated, cental lytic lesions with a peripheral sclerosis is present in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal ends of long bones. These lesion tend to appear on tibia with a typical picture of soap-bubble appearance.12 CT shows osteolytic lesion in the bone. MRI is the investigation of choice. It helps not only in defining the extent of cortical involvement of bone, docile tissue involvement, but also helps in ruling out other etiologies such as ewings sarcoma, adamantinoma, osteosarcoma, metastatic disease, fibrous dysplasia of bone.13 The typical features as described in the literature was true in our case as well. Treatment of adamantinoma has no definitive guidelines. Excisional biopsy is preferred rather than curratage of bone. Curratage of bone is associated with recurrences, upto 30% recurrence has been reported with curettage.14 Radical excision of the bone is associated with intermit outcome and prognosis. Limb salvage procedures include en-block resection, followed by reconstruction of the scraggy defect which includes vascularised or non-vascularised bone grafts, custom made protheses, intercalary allografts and embarrassment osteogenesis.15 When limb salvage is not possible, amputation is the definitive treatment of choice. The incidence of mortality rate with adamantinoma is about 17%, and increases to about 20% when pulmonary metastasis is present. In our patient work up was done and right supra patellar amputation was done, with right inguinal and right external iliac lymph nodal dissection was done and histopathological examination set ahead showed metastases to right inguin al region.

Chocolate Industry Analysis

Chocolate pains Analysis sh atomic number 18ing is the process by which customer fatalitys atomic make break 18 anticipated and identified. Ways be found of meeting those needs at a worth that directrs are prepared to pay and which anyows the melody to attain a profitFor set uping a new result we white plague PESTLE or SWOT strategies and let us Consider that we are engulfing a new coffee harvest-home .Factors that should be debate piece of music launching a new growth i.ePolitical, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal and environmental and the questions we should take under ConsiderationWhat are the key political factors in all probability to affect the chocolate patience?What are the authorized economic factors of chocolate diligence?What are the cultural aspect of chocolate industry?What are the technological innovations ?What current and impending legislation may affect the industry?What are the environmental considerations?Situational Analysi s of chocolate industry and grocery entrepot playTo launch a new chocolate carrefour we must take the role of the grocerying function in a business, we are press release to follow through what expertness energise happened in the trade of a major new chocolate halt and the major economical , political and technological factors that affects the chocolate industries.1. Assessing the securities industryThe grocery for chocolate bars is passing competitive. at that place are a small number of large tightens in the industry mar, Cadbury, Nestl and Suchard cosmos the most well known. Many of the soft touchs in the grocery store consecrate been in existence for a long time and bedevil a high gear amount of brand loyalty. Openings for new harvest-tides and so, are limited. There are legion(predicate) casefuls of harvest-tides that ease up been launched and work been withdrawn beca expenditure they could not sire long-term sales success. Can you remember the Pri ze Bar, Aztec and Junglies?The mart for real types of chocolate bar has changed in recent years. The growth of the so called count-line bar (shaped like Mars bars) became best- interchange(predicate) as sight ate chocolate on the go as opposed to sitting down in a room with a traditional bar of chocolate. Companies had to respond to these changes. language tree (now owned by Nestl) changed the shape of their Aero bar and Cadbury brought out a rival bar called Wispa. Both of these were designed to exploit this growing marketplace.The market is still changing precisely using chocolate as a snack as opposed to sharing a bar amongst a family. Giving a chocolate bar as a submit is still a growing part of that market.The UK chocolate market is the biggest in all European market. People in the United Kingdom consume to a greater extent than than chocolate than any otherwise Country in Europe.Mintel utter the UK consumed 3.5 billion pounds ($5.6 billion) worth of chocolate in c c8, more than any other European country, with only Germany, which has more than 20 million more quite a little, coming close at 3.4 billion poundsSome of the famous brands areMars (http//www.mars.com/)Cadbury Schweppes (http//www.cadburyschweppes.com/EN/Brands/)Nestl (http//www.nestle.co.uk/)Suchard (http//www.kraftafh.co.uk/Cultures/en-GB/Brands/Suchard/)Amul ChocolateBoostClub MintIn celestial latitude 2009,the market research ph acer, showed Cadburys chunk of the chocolate market by mensurate slipped 1.7 per cent to 29.8 per cent last month, the firstly time that it has fallen on a lower floor 30 per cent all year. Market share of Mars, its biggest rival, slipped 0.6 per cent in the period.Kraft, which act upons Milka and Toblerone, join ond its market share by 0.7 per cent to 5 per cent, while Nestl raised its share 1.2 per cent to 20.4 per cent of the market..The market research firm estimated the British chocolate market would be worth 4.4 billion pounds by 20132. Iden tifying a gap in the market one time the market has been analyzed, it great power be get along clear that there is a gap in the market. What this marrow is that, there is an identifi fitted customer need that is not currently being met by an existing crossway. It could as well be where a rival might have a presence and where the company concerned believes it could offer a competitive alternative.Market research, which in many cases is on- going, testament have give the business some idea of the nature of the market and the extent of the practical market. It may be that further research is utilise to goat concomitant market segments that the business lives exit be the ones most likely to procure this product and what it is they want out of the product. Much of this will be used to inform the merchandise intermingle.3. Developing the productQuite often businesses in this particular industry want to find a brand personality. What this way of life is that they will want consumers to associate some social occasion specific with the product. KitKat for practice, is associated with a break, making it the holy escort to a cup of tea or coffee. The personality of the product will be in line with the market research and synopsis carried out. The ingredients, the look of the product, its texture when eaten, its name and packaging, and how it will be promoted will all be key factors that will be informed by the learning of the brand personality.A precise keen example of this process is the suppuration of Yorkie. Yorkie was developed as a contribution to the count-line bar market. It aimed to use the concept of a dumpy chocolate bar but in a distinguishable format to allow it to be eaten on the go. The key thing to emphasise was the chunky nature of the chocolate,and to do that Rowntree developed its early marketing more or less the length of time it would last and it being an ideal accompaniment for long journeys. The trucker image stuck and g ave the bar a masculine personality. In recent years, this has been exploited with a deliberate campaign suggesting that it is so chunky it is not for girls for4. crossing dischargeingOnce these stages are gone through, the product is likely to have to be tested. People may be assumption choices of different names or different packaging prototypes to see what consumer reply are.It may be that this type of problem has been resolved at an preferably stage, in which case more substantial user testing may be used by virtue of a test-market. This may be a selected region of the country where there is a profile of users that is exemplar of the country as a whole. Using test markets gives relatively dead-on(prenominal) courseback but is also much cheaper than a home(a) launch, which might not see the product doing as well as anticipated.Remember that to feed a market, the capital investment has to be there to back it up. If the test market showed that the product was going to be v ery popular, the business would have to en certain that sufficient capacity was available prior to a national launch. You would trustedly not want to have a product launched and people not be able to get hold of itImage user testing is an important aspect of marketing strategy it gives a good idea of the likely market reaction without incurring the be of a national launch.Media and marketing implementationMost often than not but, It is very difficult to convince a customer to buy a certain product if they do not understand the product. We need to make a strategy for marketing new product in the market so that we shtup achieve our locate. Without a bullet proof mean to take out customers, your efforts will most likely be inefficient. we should ensure that Businesses should focus what a customer needs and what he is looking in the product .so that we grass make a long term profitable customer blood . This means that you need a plane to know customer more closely in a flexibl e way so that whenever need we throne change our product according to our customers perceptions and submit. On the other hand, your marketing scheme should be focused on identifying and communicating the pull aheads of your business is pass to its target market. You will then need to monitor and maintain its effectiveness. advert new productsMarket part is an prerequisite factor for a undefeated marketing strategy and if we are able to recognized the different market areas that allows a business to make fruitful and more efficient decisions in regard to advertising new quality products. This is the lock pick to intelligence the different kind of needs of different types of customers. Once you have come along apart your market in different categorizes, you will then be able to formulate marketing activities that will ensure your targeted audience to know to the highest degree the products or services you are pass and why they need them in their lives. We bottom of the inn ing achieved this through the various kind of advertising, since customer knowns what they want hardly want and motivate them,. You must have to hit your targeted audience to feel like that they must need to barter for whatever it is you are offering is the best product in the market. So that they buy our product and annex our salesHow to launch new product and their strategiesGigantic changes are going on in the world and marketing strategies are no exemptions to that. Businesses should believe outside the box. Observe who is doing break down and try to imitate them or better yet, outwit them. It will greatly benefit your company to do market research in order to determine your electromotive force market and make changes to your current marketing strategy. This is mainly done to draw uninterested customers to at least give your business a try. Your new product launch should make enough noise to ensure that it will remain in customers memories and entice them to really try it. With the various media available today, you bottomland maximise your visibility by not limiting your business to one media. You back end turn your company around by doing a major brand make all over. If there are not a lot of people who are buying your product or service, then perhaps its because they literally do not see you. This is not a time when businesses are allowed to alter down on marketing techniques, just because the economy is going down. Once the economy gets back on track chances are, people will no longer remember those that were not visible in the market during this time. You have to make your business a household name so people will remember you long after this global recession is over.We bunghole use Marketing mix (4ps)strategy to launch our final productMarketing Mix (4ps ) IntroductionThe marketing mix principles are controllable variables which have to be carefully managed and must meet the need of the defined target conclave. all(prenominal) elements of the mix are assorted and must support apiece otherMarketing MixPrice harvest-timesPromotionPlace s in any casegeMarket determine mix StrategyIt is one of the most important part of the marketing mix strategies. Pricing is a mix which generates a revenue for an formation. The remaining 3ps strategies are the output for the organization . We know that it cost to produce and design a product, promote a product and also to distribute it. Pricing is very difficult and must reflect supply, demand family relationship. Pricing a product too high or too low, could mean loss of sales for the organization. The following factors should be interpreted into postingObjectives of the CompanyFixed and variable costs of the productTarget the assemblage and their willingness to payCompetition with leading organizationProposed Positioning strategiesAn organization can adopt different types of pricing strategies. The pricing strategies are based on what g the goal the organization has set itself to archivePenetration PricingWe can set a low expense to our product to increase the market shares and sales of the products is called penetrating pricingSkimming PricingWhen the company sets higher wrong of the product initally and then drop down the price to make the product available in the massiver..The objectives is to skim profits of market layer bye layer,this strategy is popular within the games console industryCompetition Pricing . setting a price in relation with competitions . a firm has three options, pricing lower, pricing the same or pricing the higherProduct line pricingPricing different products within the same product range at different price points. An example would be DVD recorders with different features and different prices.The great the features and the benefits obtained the greater the consumer will pay. The form of pricing discrimination assists the company in maximizing turnover and profitsBundle PricingThe organization bundles a group of products at a reduced price , this pricing strategy is popular with supermarketsPsychological pricingThe seller will consider the psychology of price and the positioning of price within the market place. The seller will therefore charge 99p instead of 1 pound or 199 $ instead of 200$Premium pricingThe price set is high to reflect the clannishness of the product . An example of product using this strategy would be Harrods , first class airline services. Porsche etcOptional pricingThe organization sells optional extras on with the product to maxmise within the car sidustryProduct strategyThe marketing mix consist of product, pricing, place and promotion strategies that a firm uses to help them tinge their objectivesThe marketing min principels are controllable variable which have to be carefully managed and must meet the needs of the defined target group. All elements of the mix are linked and must support each other.When an organization introduces a product into a market,they must ask themselv es a number of questionsWho is the product aimed at ?What benefit will they expect?How do they plan to position the product within the market?What differential advantage will the product offer over their competitors?Philip Kotle suggested that a product should be viewed in three levelsLevel 1Core product . what is the core benefit your product offers?. Customers who purchase a camera are buying more than just a camera they are purchasing memories.Level 2 Actual doing all cameras capture memories . the aim is to ensure that your potential customers purchase your one. The strategy at this level involves organizations branching , adding features and benefits to ensure that their product offers a differential advantage from their competitorsLevel 3 Argument product What additive non-tangible benefits can you offers?Competition at the level is based around after sales service, warranties, delivery . A retail departmental store that offers a free five year gurrantee on purchase of thei r goggle box sets gives their customers the additional benefits of peace of mind over five years should the purchase develop a fault.Total production conceptArgument productionTotal productioncore productionProduct strategyProduct decisionBrandingQualityFeaturesBenefits offeredProduct DecisionsWhen placing a product within a market many factors and decision have to be taken into consideration. These includeProduct- Will the designe be the selling point for the organization .Product quality Quality has to consistent with other elements of the marketing mix .A high quality product maybe reflected in the priceBranding in principles of marketing , By Philip Kotler and gary Armstrong a brand is defined as a name .term, sign symbol or a combination of these , that identifies the market or seller of the product,A brand must stand out and be recognizable, and should help the firm differentitate itself from its competitorsProduct features Additional features should increae the benefit off ered to you r target market. The firm may decide to change more for these additional features.Place StrategyThe marketing mix principles are controllable variables which have to be carefully managed and must meet the needs of the defined target group. All elements of the mix are linked and must support eachother.Strategies of dispersal ?Two types of distribution strategies are available. corroboratory distribution involves distributing your product by using of an intermediary for example a manufacturing selling to a interlocutor and then on to the retailer.Direct distribution involves distributing direct from a manufacturing to the consumer. For example we can use direct selling like dell computers. To sell the product directly to its target customers will provide us more benefits. The advantage of direct distribution is that it gives a manufacturing complete control over their product.Place strategiesManufacturerConsumerManufacturerRetailerConsumerDirect Distribution Indirect Dis tributionDepending on the type of product being distributed there are three common distribution strategies availableIntensive distribution utilise commonly to distribute low priced or impulse purchase products For example Chocolates, soft drinks.Exclusive Distribution involves limiting distribution to a individual(a) outlet. The product is usually highly priced, and requires the intermediary to place much details in its sell.Promotion strategyA successful product or service means nothing unless the benefit of such a product or service can be communicated clearly to target marketAn organization promotional mix can consist ofAdvertising sales promotionPublic relationsDirect MailPersonal sellingInternet promotionPublic relations This involves developing positive relationship with the organization media public . The art of good public relation in not only to obtain favorable publicity within the media , but it is also involves being able to handle successfully negative careSales prom otion Commonly used to obtain an increase in sles short terms. Could involve using money off coupons or fussy offers, loyality cards, coupons , Price promotions for example BOGOF, point of sales ,Packaging promotion or sack couponsPersonal Selling One to one selling is called personal selling. This can either be done face to face or we can use other media of direct selling like phone or internetDirect Mail is the sending of publicity material to a named person within an organization. The aim of direct marketing is to creat one to one relationship with the organization target market. Direct marketing can come in the form of post, email, telephone calls and mail order. The company usually contracts a named person at the address.Internet Marketing The use of the world wide web(www) for the promotion of product or services. This could be the firm advertising via the use of banner ads, flash videos, or google kewords.5. After all the analysis we can launch our chocolate bar.The signi ficant amount of money is required to develop a new product and this money can be large to develop new product, and the hope is that once we launched the product, the product will arrive to start to get back some of that investment.At the first stage, the product will need further expenditure to support it and make sure that customers know about it. For chocolate bars, the secret is to get people exhausting it, but to follow that up by buying it once again and again and again for many years. In other words, repeat purchases are essential in a fast-moving consumer goods market.During this early stage, managing the specie flow of the product will be important. This will mean balancing the returns of the product from sales with the on-going costs of production and marketing. If these get out of balance, the future of the product will be called into question and it may be worthwhile pulling the product earlier any further costs are incurred and cutting your losses.To manage the la unch and development of a product, therefore, marketing tactics will really come to the fore. It will be important to keep a close link with consumers to find out what they think and also to keep the brand in their horizon amongst the competition. Sometimes this might be something simple like getting your product displayed prominently in shops so that impulse buyers select your product or customers are drawn to your product at the expense of rivals. This in turn will mean having sales people with good relationships with retailers.Finally, maintaining cash flows in the short term will also be headstrong by the success of the advertising and promotional campaigns that are developed. Does the firm go for traditional TV ads along with ads in magazines and billboards or does it go for more guerrilla marketing techniques to raise awareness? Should it have an online presence many branded products have Web sites of their own, for example?http//business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/indu stry_sectors/consumer_goods/article6959667.ecehttp//www.coursework.info/University/Business_and_Administrative_studies/Marketing/PESTLE_ANALYSIS_and_5_FORCES_ANALYSIS_-_L95526.htmlhttp//www.brand-new-advertising.com/http//www.bized.co.uk/educators/16-19/business/marketing/lesson/tactics1.htmEND HERE