Tuesday, January 21, 2020
Chapter 4 of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Mary Shelley Franken
Chapter 4 of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein In 1816 the famous gothic novel ââ¬ËFrankensteinââ¬â¢ was begun, Frankenstein was largely successful because it was the first sci-fi novel that anyone had ever seen. The Gothicism that this genre is meant to expose is very good because it really is written to evoke terror in readers and show the dark side of human nature, and of course another reason the novel was a success, was because the author Mary Shelley had a first hand experience of the death that this book precedes. Mary began the novel in Italy after staying with Lord Byron and after a discussion about science they challenged each other to a ghost writing competition, Maryââ¬â¢s mother died soon after Mary was born. Mary had two children that died and one was called William, these experiences of death were mirrored in Maryââ¬â¢s novel. Also reading journals from her husbands early life, he wanted to be a surgeon, and after talking with him and the family doctor where she thought up the idea of using electricity to bring corpses to life. In this essay I will be writing the about atmosphere of the chapter, the facial contrasts of the creature, Frankensteinââ¬â¢s dream, the creatures intentions, the creatures special request, the prejudice against the creature and the destruction of Frankenstein. Frankenstein hysterical reaction towards his creation, I will show you is prejudice and unjust. At the beginning of the chapter 4 Mary Shelley starts off by setting the scene of Frankensteinââ¬â¢s workshop, the aura created around the scene was shown as sinister and dreary, I comprehend from the text that it was a rainy night by the following quotes, ââ¬Å"It was on a dreary night of November.â⬠ââ¬Å"The rain pattered dismally against the... ...re children how they should be looked after or else the child will grow up the same way he was brought up in a non-caring way, and also that everyone in society has responsibility to the helpless and needy, because they too want to be helped and accepted by others or they too will feel unable to manage with the life that was brought on to them. It also shows that no matter what, there will be prejudice found in your lifetime and they will be prejudice towards you, but in this novel Frankensteinââ¬â¢s creation was called The Monster, but he is only misunderstood the real monster in this novel is Victor Frankenstein himself, and all the torture he went through he brought upon himself. In conclusion, you have a responsibility towards everyone else, and your actions you hold may be brought against you if you cannot bring yourself to show the correct moral ethics.
Monday, January 13, 2020
A Frugal Life
Thesis: Three extreme types of penny-pinchers are the frequent couponer, the frugal shopper, and the freegan. Do you have more the month left after all your money is gone? For most people shopping is an ingrained and unavoidable way of life. We work, we spend, we trash and we buy again. It's a cycle that seems all but impossible avoid in todayââ¬â¢s society. TS: For decades, shoppers clipped coupons from newspaper circulars and magazines Using coupons is one way that the frequent couponer tries to get more for their money.PS:There are many online sites that you can go to and clip and print free coupons. Coupon. com is just one of the many online companies that offer free printable coupons and digital mobile coupons. SSCouponing gradually declined as grocers started loyalty-card programs that compensated repeat shoppers with discounts. But during the recession in the past few years, the number of coupons redeemed rose 27%, from 2. 6 billion to 3. 3 billion in 2008, says Inmar Inc. , a coupon-processing agency. SS:It was estimated by Coupons. om that approximately half of the redeemed coupons in the United States originated from weekly supplements in Sunday papers. PS: Sunday newspapers have traditionally been the dominant distribution method for coupons. It was estimated by Coupons. com that approximately half of the redeemed coupons in the United States originated from weekly supplements in Sunday papers. SS:It is always a good idea to match coupons with a stores sale prices. This way the couponers can get more bang for their buck. SS:The frequent couponers also will go to the stores that double the manufacture coupon up to 50 cents off.Another good practice is to use one coupon multiple times usually up to four items on one coupon. SSSherri Jones of Calvert City, Ky. , says,â⬠I try not to abuse these discounts. Recently, Ms. Jones, 36, took 50-cent coupons for meat seasonings to a number of supermarkets that were doubling the coupons' value. Because t he seasonings were already on sale for $1 each, Ms. Jones got them for nothing. CS:This practice will save a little money at stores. A little here and a little there will add up to big savings over time. TS: Frugal living is a little more intense way of watching where dollars go.PS:A frugal person will never pay retail prices on absolutely anything. They will always shop around for best deals either by looking through clearance bins or by looking through thrift shops. SS:Living a frugal life calls for a lifestyle change and a conscious awareness of spending and saving. Living on a tight budget and listening for ââ¬Å"Old Abe to screamâ⬠is not for the faint of heart. SS: Extreme Couponing is a thrilling sport that combines savvy shopping skills with couponing in an attempt to buy to most groceries as possible while spending as little money as possible.PS:Another way the frugal person will save their hard earned money is to make and use homemade products like laundry detergent, and household cleaners. It does require certain know-how to make items for the home. SS:Frugal living is a great way to be easier on the environment by reusing as many things as possible. If someone needed a vase for flowers, which their kids picked from the neighborââ¬â¢s yard, they could use a glass jar for the vase. SS:It does require certain know-how to make items for the home CS:it hobby time consumingTS:The word freegan is a combination of ââ¬Å"freeâ⬠ââ¬â as in it is free because you found it in a dumpster ââ¬â and ââ¬Å"vegan,â⬠Vegans are people who avoid products from animal sources or products tested on animals. Not all freegans are strict vegetarians. Although some would rather eat found meat; dairy and eggs than let good food and items go to waste. The freegan attempts to spend as little money as possible by scavenging instead of buying products. Freegans rescue furniture, clothes, household items and even food thrown away by others. PS:They rep air what they already own.By fixing what is broken, freegans reduce the need to buy another product. Freegans often darn their socks, or only buy secondhand clothing to reduce the consumerism. They also find brand new clothing behind stores in the trashcans. SS:They often barter their services for an item that they want or need. Just like Jim, who needed a tune-up on his lawnmower and asked the local lawnmower repair shop owner if he could trade mowing the shops grass for a month in return for his tune-up. The shop owner agreed. No money ever exchanged hands. SS:Freegans believe that housing is a right, not a privilege.They are mad that people freeze to death out on the streets while landlords, banks, and cities keep buildings boarded up and vacant. Freegan squatters are people who live in abandoned buildings, rent-free. PS: Freegans or ââ¬Å"dumpster diversâ⬠believe that one manââ¬â¢s trash is another manââ¬â¢s treasure. SS:Most freegans practice urban foraging in larg e cities, such as New York City, with its density and wealth, where there is good food and it is plentiful. Freegans look for food in trash bins behind large restaurants, grocery stores, even schools.Dedicated freegans usually establish a routine by going to a set of dumpsters they visit weekly or even daily. Many learn when trash goes out and when dumpsters are unattended SS:Stores throw out large amounts of visually damaged goods like bruised fruit or crushed boxes. They also discard products that have reached their sell-by-date. Although sell-by dates provide a general idea of when food will go bad, they are not safety dates. Trash from grocery stores and restaurants is also different from that of the average residential trash because stores usually bag discarded food separately from other trash.CS: Although freeganism likely has roots in the hobo subculture from the Great Depression. It's not too surprising that people would eventually find a way to forage as a way of personal s ubsistence. Freeganism has spread around the world. They sometimes eat community dinners also known as potlucks made from scavenged food. As long as there is edible food and usable products in the trash, people will be there to pick up the waste. Extreme Couponing is an extreme sport that combines savvy shopping skills with couponing in an attempt to save as much money as possible while accumulating the most groceries.The grocery coupons you need are out there, you just need to connect with people who have them. Here are some Extreme Couponing techniques to help you save money: 1. Clip ALL the coupons from your weekly circulars and Sunday newspaper. Itââ¬â¢s always a good policy to clip all coupons because an item may go on sale in the future and you can trade your coupons with other couponers for the ones you do want. 2. Study the weekly supermarket sales and compare this to your coupon inventory. 3. Know your supermarketââ¬â¢s coupon policy: a. Are expired coupons accepted? b. Can you use 10 coupons for 10 of the same items? . Can you stack a manufacturer coupon with a store coupon? d. Are there double and triple coupon days? e. Does your store accept competitorââ¬â¢s coupons? f. How are coupon overages applied to the final bill? These are the most frequently used techniques for reducing a grocery bill significantly and how some shoppers are even entitled to cash! Since supermarket policies are constantly changing, call before you shop and ask the questions above. Make sure you write down the name of the person at the supermarket who gave you the information. 4. The local Sunday newspaper is an excellent source for grocery coupons.Do not pay for electronic coupons. There are many websites that you can clip and print coupons for free. Janis an extreme couponer says that she uses a 3 ring binder with baseball card protector pockets and made dividers for approximately 35 categories. She buys multiple papers and hits up the local recycle bins to look fo r more circulars. She also exchanges with her mother and daughter. Janis said, ââ¬Å"We all donââ¬â¢t use the same products. Therefore, it works well for us to trade coupons. â⬠For decades, shoppers clipped coupons from newspaper circulars, magazines and coupon booklets.Couponing gradually declined as grocers launched loyalty-card programs that rewarded repeat shoppers with discounts. But amid the recession in the past few years, the number of coupons redeemed rose 27%, to 3. 3 billion from 2. 6 billion in 2008, says Inmar Inc. , a coupon-processing agent. The year-over-year percentage increase was the largest since Inmar started tracking the statistic more than 20 years ago. Fueling the increase isn't the general populace but heavy coupon users, people who redeem 104 or more coupons over six months, according to an August report by The Nielsen Co.These users tend to be females under the age of 54 with college degrees and household incomes above $70,000, Nielsen says. Hotc ouponworld. com, which has seen its membership grow to 200,000 from 80,000 in the past year, targets couponers who think ââ¬Å"there's an economic value in buying all your peanut butter for the year in one week in September,â⬠says site founder Julie Parrish, 35, of West Linn, Ore. Two years ago, she bought 50 18-ounce jars of Skippy creamy peanut butter for 17 cents each; last September, she paid 35 cents each. At retail, they cost around $3. 9. Ms. Smith, the Charleston woman whose closet doubles as a pantry, says she disliked grocery shopping until she got laid off last year from her clerical job and, to economize, turned to couponing Web sites. On two recent trips to her local supermarket, she says she paid $5 for $78 worth of items, and $2 for $40 worth of goods. Some supermarkets recently told analysts that shoppers with an eye for discounts were executing these coupons deals with surgical precision. Carrie Petersen of Columbia, Md. , says she tries not to abuse discount s. Recently, Ms.Petersen, 38, took 50-cent coupons for meat seasonings to a number of supermarkets that were doubling the coupons' value. Because the seasonings were already on sale for $1 each, Ms. Petersen got them for nothing. Extreme Couponing is an extreme sport that combines savvy shopping skills with couponing in an attempt to save as much money as possible while accumulating the most groceries. The grocery coupons you need are out there, you just need to connect with people who have them. Here are some Extreme Couponing techniques to help you save money: 5.Clip ALL the coupons from your weekly circulars and Sunday newspaper. Itââ¬â¢s always a good policy to clip all coupons because an item may go on sale in the future and you can trade your coupons with other couponers for the ones you do want. 6. Study the weekly supermarket sales and compare this to your coupon inventory. 7. Know your supermarketââ¬â¢s coupon policy: g. Are expired coupons accepted? h. Can you use 10 coupons for 10 of the same items? i. Can you stack a manufacturer coupon with a store coupon? j. Are there double and triple coupon days? . Does your store accept competitorââ¬â¢s coupons? l. How are coupon overages applied to the final bill? These are the most frequently used techniques for reducing a grocery bill significantly and how some shoppers are even entitled to cash! Since supermarket policies are constantly changing, call before you shop and ask the questions above. Make sure you write down the name of the person at the supermarket who gave you the information. 8. The local Sunday newspaper is an excellent source for grocery coupons. Do not pay for electronic coupons.There are many websites that you can clip and print coupons for free. Janis an extreme couponer says that she uses a 3 ring binder with baseball card protector pockets and made dividers for approximately 35 categories. She buys multiple papers and hits up the local recycle bins to look for more circulars. She also exchanges with her mother and daughter. We all donââ¬â¢t use the same products. For decades, shoppers clipped coupons from newspaper circulars, magazines and coupon booklets. Couponing gradually declined as grocers launched loyalty-card programs that rewarded repeat shoppers with discounts.But amid the recession in the past few years, the number of coupons redeemed rose 27%, to 3. 3 billion from 2. 6 billion in 2008, says Inmar Inc. , a coupon-processing agent. The year-over-year percentage increase was the largest since Inmar started tracking the statistic more than 20 years ago. Fueling the increase isn't the general populace but heavy coupon users, people who redeem 104 or more coupons over six months, according to an August report by The Nielsen Co. These users tend to be females under the age of 54 with college degrees and household incomes above $70,000, Nielsen says. Hotcouponworld. om, which has seen its membership grow to 200,000 from 80,000 in the past year, t argets couponers who think ââ¬Å"there's an economic value in buying all your peanut butter for the year in one week in September,â⬠says site founder Julie Parrish, 35, of West Linn, Ore. Two years ago, she bought 50 18-ounce jars of Skippy creamy peanut butter for 17 cents each; last September, she paid 35 cents each. At retail, they cost around $3. 59. Ms. Smith, the Charleston woman whose closet doubles as a pantry, says she disliked grocery shopping until she got laid off last year from her clerical job and, to economize, turned to couponing Web sites.On two recent trips to her local supermarket, she says she paid $5 for $78 worth of items, and $2 for $40 worth of goods. Some supermarkets recently told analysts that shoppers with an eye for discounts were executing these coupons deals with surgical precision. Carrie Petersen of Columbia, Md. , says she tries not to abuse discounts. Recently, Ms. Petersen, 38, took 50-cent coupons for meat seasonings to a number of superma rkets that were doubling the coupons' value. Because the seasonings were already on sale for $1 each, Ms. Petersen got them for nothing.
Sunday, January 5, 2020
UIUC Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a public research institution with an acceptance rate of 62%. The flagship campus of the University of Illinois system spans the twinà citiesà of Urbana and Champaign. UIUC consistently ranks amongà the top public universitiesà in the country. The school boasts over 47,000 students and 150 different majors, and is well known for its outstanding engineering and science programs. UIUCs strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned it a chapter ofà Phi Beta Kappa. Illinois has the largest university library in the U.S. outside of theà Ivy League. Along with strong academics, UIUC is a member of theà Big Ten Conferenceà and fields 19 varsity teams. Considering applying to The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, UIUC had an acceptance rate of 62%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 62 students were admitted, making UIUCs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 39,362 Percent Admitted 62% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 31% SAT Scores and Requirements University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 63% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 600 700 Math 620 780 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of UIUCs admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to UIUC scored between 600 and 700, while while 25% scored below 600 and 25% scored above 700. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 620 and 780, while 25% scored below 620 and 25% scored above 780. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1480 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at UIUC. Requirements UIUC does not require the SAT writing section or SAT Subject tests. Note that UIUC does not superscore, but the admissions office will consider your highest score in each section when evaluating your application. ACT Scores and Requirements The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 63% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 26 34 Math 25 32 Composite 26 32 This admissions data tells us that most of UIUCs admitted students fall within the top 18% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to UIUC received a composite ACT score between 26 and 32, while 25% scored above 32 and 25% scored below 26. Requirements Note that UIUC does not superscore ACT results, but will consider your highest individual score in each category as well as your ACT composite score. The ACT writing section is not required but is recommended for students applying to UIUCs Teacher Licensure Program. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaigns incoming class had high school GPAs between 3.38 and 3.90. 25% had a GPA above 3.90 and 25% had a GPA below 3.38. These results suggest that most successful applicants to UIUC have primarily B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaignà (UIUC) has a competitive admissions pool and is one of the top-rated public universities in the country. UIUC students tend to be particularly strong in math and science because of the universitys many strengths in STEM fields. The great majority of admitted students had GPAs above a 3.0, and your chances will be best if you are a solid A student. However, UIUC has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside of UIUCs average range. As the scattergram above reveals, students who get into UIUC tend to have relatively strong GPAs and test scores. The blue and green represent accepted students, and most of them had a high school average of B or higher, an ACT composite score of 20 or higher, and a combined SAT score (ERWM) of above 1050. The chances for admission increase as those grades and test scores go up. Note that there is very little red (rejected students) in the upper right corner of the graph. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Undergraduate Admissions Office.
Saturday, December 28, 2019
Self Assessment Of Leadership Behavior - 884 Words
As I reflect back on my Air Force career, especially my current duty position as the Section Chief of the Small Air Terminal at Hill Air Force Base. I realized that I am a Management by Exception-Active (MBE-A) this came to me after I reviewed my Electronic Self-Assessment of Leadership behavior. At my current assignment I keep my subordinates and processes in control and I enforce all the Air Force standards as well as local policies in my organization. When it comes to the mission I avoid unnecessary risks and always ensure the mission is complete. My goal for the next three to five years is to improve my leadership effectiveness and become a transformational leader using the five most valuable concepts I learned in Course 15. These concepts are avoiding conflict, cognitive flexibility, communication, subordinate-centered communication and mediation. The first step to achieving my goal of becoming a transformational leader is for me to be a more assertive and active leader in my unit. In order to reach that, I need to stop my avoidance of conflict. This is going to take me voicing my opinion as well as challenging any decisions made from my supervisor that could potentially impact my section negatively and I will also encourage my subordinates to do the same. This is going to allow me to analyze all the current processes and streamline them as I see fit, without being afraid of getting into conflicts with my leadership and peers. This will help me with myShow MoreRelatedLeadership Self Assessment : Current And Aspired Leadership Behavior2726 Words à |à 11 Pages Leadership Self-Assessment Current and Aspired Leadership Behavior I am a very goal oriented person and will help people to achieve my goal or theirs if I can. Everything I do is because of a goal that was set either by myself or by a situation. 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Friday, December 20, 2019
Managing Human Resources Quiz 4 Review Chapters 1 Thru 4
Managing Human Resources | Quiz 3 | Review: Chapters 1 thru 4 Student: There are Multiple-choice, True or False, and Short Essay questions. Note: All questions also require a brief response explaining the reason for your answer. Circle the correct multiple choice answer; or check (ïÆ'â") the correct answer for True or False statements 1. When the human resources function creates a unique capability in a firm that creates high value and differentiates the organization from its competition, human resources is a/an ____ for the firm. a. intangible asset b. core competency c. critical capability d. strategic supplier 2. The collective value of the capabilities, knowledge, skills, life experiences and motivation of an organizational workforce isâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦b. The jobs provided by the U.S. company reduce unemployment in the host country. c. The host country employees receive specialized training that will enable them to emigrate to the U.S. for a better life. d. The working conditions in the U.S- run manufacturing plant may not adhere to U.S. standards, but those standards may be better than those typical in the host country. 9. What challenges face HR managers with regard to workforce availability and quality? What are potential solutions? Managing Human Resources | Quiz 3 | Review: Chapters 1 thru 4 Student: TRUE/FALSE 10. A strategic approach to HR requires that organizational HR leaders be included in the decision-making process immediately after the executive team has made major strategic changes. [ ] True [ ] False Explain your answer. 11. Companies that follow HR best practices, such as paying high wages and providing employment security, tend to have more positive HR metrics, but little improvement on organizational operational or financial performance compared with organizations that do not follow HR best practices. [ ] True [ ] False Explain your answer. 12. The retirement of the baby boom generation will be a benefit to most organizations since it will eliminate employees with outdated skills and irrelevant work experience. [ ] True [ ] False Explain your answer. 13. ModernMade Textiles has successfully used a piece-rate compensation plan in its U.S.Show MoreRelatedHuman Resources Management150900 Words à |à 604 PagesCHAPTER 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: ââ" Identify four major HR challenges currently facing organizations and managers. List and define each of the seven major categories of HR activities. Identify the three different roles of HR management. Discuss the three dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as anRead MoreEffectiveness of Pccr Review Center19276 Words à |à 78 PagesCOLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY REVIEW CENTER A Thesis Presented to the Faculty College of Criminology Philippine College of Criminology In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements in Criminological Research and Statistic Leading to the Degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology BY: Section:4-B2 MYRA M. EVANGELISTA CHRIZAN KARL T. GARCIA MELJHON D. OBEJAS ANTHONY Q. AMORES WELMAR C. GABINETE APPROVAL SHEET This thesis entitled ââ¬Å"EFFECTIVENESS OF PHILIPPINE COLLEGEOFCRIMINOLOGY REVIEW CENTERâ⬠, prepared
Thursday, December 12, 2019
The Taiming Of The ShrewCharacter Analisis Essay free essay sample
The Taiming Of The Shrew-Character Analisis Essay, Research Paper The Taming Of The Shrew Fictional character Analysiss: Katherine: She is called the termagant, even by her male parent. She is ever put 2nd in her male parents eyes, following to her sister. She alters dramatically from an ailment mannered termagant to a obedient and happy married woman when she discovers her hubby cares adequate to seek to alter her for her ain good, every bit good as his ain. The termagant is non a termagant at all beneath the surface. Petruchio: he is Katherine # 8217 ; s hubby but he merely marries her for her male parents money. During and after the nuptials. His behaviour seems really unreasonable, for illustration, he is late for the nuptials, he carries his married woman instantly afterwards, starves her, and keeps her from kiping. But this all comes out in loving dress. He is non precisely Gentle, but he is precisely what Katherine needs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Taiming Of The ShrewCharacter Analisis Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bianca: Apparently gentle in her behaviour, she is a unkind sister and a disobedient married woman. She has her male parents attitude of favouritism for herself and disfavor for Katherine by playing the portion of the victim. Ironically as it seams towards the terminal of the drama, she is more of a termagant than her sister. Lucentio: Is Bianca # 8217 ; s hubby, devoted to her for vague grounds. Both he and Bianca are selfish in their love, they are a typical brace of immature lovers, they think merely of themselves and each considers their ain wants before their beloved. Baptista: He is the male parent of both Katherine and Bianca. He has much trouble get marrieding both of them because of one being a ill-famed termagant. He ignores the inquiry of his girls # 8217 ; felicity in seeking couples for them. In the instance of Bianca, to do a good deal and achieve the highest possible fiscal grants from the suers and, in Kate # 8217 ; s instance, merely to be rid of a job kid. He practically auctions off his favourite, offering her to whichever suer will give the highest command, without inquiring her. He will give Katherine to anyone who will take her off his custodies. Vincentio: Is Lucentio # 8217 ; s male parent, he is highly fond of his boy and is bereaved when he discovers his boy may hold come to harm.
Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Consider the Theme of Transformation in Metamorphosis and the Yellow Wallpaper. free essay sample
Consider the theme of transformation in Metamorphosis and The Yellow Wallpaper. Apart from the very apparent theme of transformation that runs through both stories there are also many underlying themes connected with transformation, not just physical but also mental. Metamorphosis sees Gregor wake up one morning physically transformed overnight into a huge insect, by the description given by Kafka, possibly similar in appearance to a cockroach, although the description given does not allow the reader to make any definite identification. He has been the breadwinner of the family, working as a travelling salesman to keep a roof over the heads of his mother, father and younger sister. This is a service that he has got no thanks or recognition for from his parents who do nothing towards the up keep of the household and just expect Gregor to take care of everything. The Yellow Wallpaper, in contrast, sees the nameless protagonist narrating her confinement to an old nursery in a large house, due to a temporary nervous depression, by her doctor husband. The enforced rest is Gilmanââ¬â¢s own version of Silas Weir Mitchellââ¬â¢s treatment of prolonged rest and lack of stimulation, a treatment that Gilman herself had been subjected to. Her mental state gradually transforms throughout the story, until finally she becomes reduced to a childlike state, crawling round the edge of the room, in a relatively sinister way, not even recognising her husband, or stopping when he gets in her way. Gregorââ¬â¢s relationship with his family undergoes a severe transformation following his unfortunate situation. He goes from being someone who has at least been needed, even though he has not been appreciated, by his family, to something that is despised, feared and neglected. His family themselves also undergo some transformation in the way they conduct themselves. With the misfortune of Gregor they have to become more responsible for themselves, and self sufficient if they are to retain their home. It also considers the transformation through the length of the story of Grete from a girl into a young woman, realised by her parents at the very end of the story. When comparing the two stories there are differences in who undergoes changes. The Yellow Wallpaper sees solely the protagonist changing both mentally and physically, in contrast Metamorphosis sees Gregor mainly physically changing and having to adapt to life as a bug and it is his family that change mentally to cope with the situation they have found themselves thrust into. It would be expected that through his familyââ¬â¢s treatment of Gregor that his love and devotion for them would morph into a type of hatred or resentment, however his want and need to be with them never changes throughout. Even his last service is selfless and he dies for the good of his family after hearing his sister uncontrollably upset about the creature that has taken the place of her brother. ââ¬Å"We must try to get rid of it, it will be the death of both of you, I can see that coming. When one has to work as hard as we do, all of us, one canââ¬â¢t stand this continual torment at home on top of it. At least I canââ¬â¢t stand it any longer. â⬠(Kafka 2005) Gregor had always been close to his sister and had indeed been hoping to send her to study music. In his sisterââ¬â¢s words he finally realises that he will never be accepted back into the fold of the family and will only continue to cause them hurt if he continues to stay. The only choice he has is to give in to the infection that has set in from the wound of the apple embedded in his back, and to pass away quietly. On the realisation that he is dead the Samsas almost seem to have a small attack of conscience, they huddle together and shed tears in the privacy of the parentââ¬â¢s bedroom and Mrs Samsa nearly stops the charwoman brushing his corpse aside. ââ¬ËI should say so,ââ¬â¢ said the charwoman, proving her words by pushing Gregorââ¬â¢s corpse to one side with her broomstick. Mrs Samsa made a movement as if to stop her, but checked it. â⬠(Kafka 2005) Grete realises just how neglected Gregor was as she sees him close up and prolonged for the first time since he first transformed, ââ¬Å"Just see how thin he was. Itââ¬â¢s such a long time since heââ¬â ¢s eaten anything. â⬠(Kafka 2005) Unlike Gregor the protagonist in The Yellow Wallpaper does have some control over her destiny as she demonstrates. Gilman writes her story as a demonstration of the effects of gender inequality, and the male patriarchal hold over women. The narrator slowly slips into a deeper psychosis the more time she spends alone in the room, however in her studies of the text Catherine Golden questions whether her transformation is simply a sign of her increasingly hallucinatory state or a larger awareness of the limitations of her patriarchal world. This is a very interesting question and one that has many possible answers. The text itself is open to many interpretations and has been received by critics in several different ways. The wallpaper itself morphs gradually the more time the narrator spends looking at it. At first just dim shapes are seen behind the pattern the narrator tells us that ââ¬Å"The dim shapes get clearer every day. It is always the same shape only very numerous. And it is like a woman stooping down and creeping about behind that pattern. â⬠(Gilman 1998) The theme of imprisonment is apparent from the first mention of something behind the pattern as the narrator tells us that ââ¬Å"the faint figure behind seemed to shake the pattern, just as if she wanted to get out. (Gilman 1998) The feeling of being imprisoned seems to match not only the mental state of the narrator, but also the position of her too. She is imprisoned in a world where she is expected to be loyal and subordinate to her husband and have no thoughts of her own. She is not even able to write and has to do it in secret when nobody is in the room. The morphing of the wallpaper is in direct correlation to the breakdown of the narratorââ¬â¢s own mental state. As the patterns form into images that become gradually clearer, so the narratorââ¬â¢s mind becomes more disturbed. She becomes trapped not only in the room but also within the wallpaper that surrounds her, as she finds herself staying up all night to watch the goings on behind the wallpaper. Her mental health suffers as a consequence as it almost becomes locked in a strange tug of war with the wallpaper over which is going to have the final influence. In the same way that the narrator is trapped in The Yellow Wallpaper, so Gregor and his family are in Metamorphosis. When they are faced with the fate that has befallen Gregor they become immediately encased in an impossible situation that they can see no out of. Some critics have suggested that the transformation of Gregor into a bug is reflective of his own familyââ¬â¢s treatment of him. They live off his earnings, expecting him to keep a roof over their heads while his parents do nothing and live almost as parasites feeding off his hard work and commitment to them. So to represent their behaviour Kafka gives us the physical embodiment of their attitude and blatant ungratefulness. Another idea, suggested by Ramon G. Mendoza is that Gregorââ¬â¢s transformation is the embodiment of his own self-image. He sees himself as nothing but a worthless bug, rejected by his father, who he still unsuccessfully attempts to win approval from. In his transformation though, their relationship becomes a much more balanced one, which sees his father treating him in a way that would be expected of something verminous. Gregorââ¬â¢s new physical form is a punishment Mendoza goes on to suggest that ââ¬Å"the metamorphosis is therefore a punishment for the protagonistââ¬â¢s self-image, which coincides with his fatherââ¬â¢s reputed son-image. â⬠(Mendoza 1986) Gregorââ¬â¢s relationship with his sister changes throughout the novella. Having been very close to his sister he finds that gradually she is distancing herself from him. At the beginning she takes the time and care to try to look after him as best she can, selecting foods that she thinks he might like and cleaning his room out nicely for him. However as the story progresses this care and attention turns into whatever food might be left over pushed into his room with her foot and then removed with a broom. Also allowing his room, which she had previously had cleared so he had more room to crawl, to become a dumping ground for the household. Gregor becomes alienated from his parents and eventually from humanity itself. He has been stripped of his human identity as soon as he changed into his insect form, however slowly all forms of humanity are taken from him. Following his metamorphosis, as he leaves his room, he is confronted by the violent reaction of his father driving him back into his bedroom. At first he is able to communicate with his mother and the chief clerk, so still holds some form of human trait enabling him to still think of himself as playing some part at least in the human race. However as soon as he has the realisation that to everyone else he has lost all rights to hold any human qualities the power of speech leaves him as well, and he only has the ability to hiss as his father drives him back to his room with a stick. Gregor does retain his human qualities such as feelings, emotions and senses, but the only one who realises this is Gregor himself. The ability to communicate with anyone has been taken away from him, so even if his was not forced to live in the isolation of his room he would be isolated anyway through his inability to communicate his thoughts and feelings. In this way he is doubly isolated and forced into an alienated situation no matter what happens. In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman also explores the idea of alienation and isolation. The narrator begins to feel more and more isolated, pushing her mental state further into unbalance and pushing her more and more behind the bars of the wallpaper. Both Gregor and the protagonist of The Yellow Wallpaper are in situations of forced alienation rather than voluntary. The narrator sees herself eventually cut off even from the garden as her husband concludes that she is too weak. She lives in a time where all womenââ¬â¢s minds were isolated and they were expected to fill them with thoughts of being a good wife and mother, keeping a respectable household and not wanting to pursue pastimes such as writing or education. She seems to find a purpose in the wallpaper, something that settles and arouses her, ââ¬Å"Life is very much more exciting now than it used to be. You see I have something more to expect, to look forward to, to watch. I really do eat better, and am much quieter than I was. â⬠(Gilman 1998) Many things within the story change from what they should be into something much more sinister. The bars that are on the windows, designed to prevent children falling out, a seemingly innocent task become symbols of the narrators own imprisonment, keeping her in the room, and possibly pushing her further into the wallpaper. Even the sunlight becomes something grotesque, causing her deteriorating mental state to be reflected within the wallpaper, showing within it ââ¬Å"a lack of sequence, a defiance of law, that is a constant irritant to a normal mind. (Gilman 1998) As she does nothing by day but watch the wallpaper, the narrator cites following the constant changing pattern as tiresome and perplexing and eventually starts sleeping during the day so she can watch the movements behind the paper at night when things are clearer. ââ¬Å"The moon shines in all night when there is a moon- I wouldnââ¬â¢t know it was the same paper At night in any kind of light, in twilight, candlelight , lamplight and worse of all by moonlight, it becomes bars! The outside pattern I mean, and the woman behind it is as plain as can be. (Gilman 1998) In the same way that the narratorââ¬â¢s mental state alters through the story so too does the mentality of Gregor in Metamorphosis. When he first wakes up Gregor remains as a human trapped in the body of a beetle; he still thinks as a human in terms of movement, attempting at first to get out of bed as he would normally do. He soon adapts to thinking of his movement in terms of his present body rather than that of a human, and actually comes to enjoy in some way the new experiences this gives him. He especially enjoyed hanging suspended from the ceiling; it was much better than lying on the floor; one could breathe more freely; oneââ¬â¢s body swung and rocked lightly;â⬠(Kafka 2005) Gregor still attempts to hold on to his last part of his humanity by feeling some involvement in the family. He listens at the door of his room, trying to hear the conversations that are taking place between the family members; by this action he feels that he is not completely alienated from humanity. The fact that he can understand completely what has been said reminds him that he is not fully inhuman. His sister, who has always respected him, loses her respect for him and his own personal space, she no longer thinks of him as human in any way. This is demonstrated by her need to throw open his window noisily each time she enters his room after a short time since his metamorphosis. In the immediate aftermath of the change she still seems to think of him with some compassion as she cares for him; however in her later behaviour she almost becomes worse than her parents. She has made the commitment from the beginning to see to him, but when she decides to move the furniture out she is doing a service to him as a bug, but this just proves to Gregor that she no longer regards him as human in any form. As a human with feelings and sentiment Gregor would want his personal effects around him, but Grete gives no though to this and now just regards him as an ââ¬Ëit. ââ¬â¢ It is his sisterââ¬â¢s final betrayal of him that causes Gregor to give up; having just found the nourishment in her music that he has been searching for for months. The physical state of Gregorââ¬â¢s father alters at several points within the story. At the beginning he seems to do nothing but lounge on the sofa, barely even raising an arm to greet Gregor when he returns from a business trip. He only leaves the house on very rare occasions, and when he does is described as shuffling along with a stick. He then transforms into a strong man, who seems proud to be wearing his blue uniform. It is in this state that he bombards Gregor with apples, causing the injury that would finally lead to Gregorââ¬â¢s death. He then transforms again into what Vladimir Nabokov suggests as, a sort of beetle man, he reverts to lying on the sofa again allowing his uniform to become dirty but making no move to improve. The Yellow Wallpaper sees the protagonist come to a realisation that there may be a great many more women trapped behind the bars of wallpaper just as she is, ââ¬Å"sometimes I think there are a great many women behind it. â⬠(Gilman 1998) Gilman writes intending the wallpaper to represent the patriarchal repressive hold men have over women. The narrator actually goes so far as to describe the wallpaper as a fungus, and says that she can see it spreading further, this could represent the fact that she is recognising how her repressed spirit is becoming weaker as the influence of her husband is growing over her until she will eventually have no free will at all. The madness that the narrator finds herself in as she is transformed at the end of the story could be seen as an actual triumph by her rather than something terrible that has taken itââ¬â¢s hold on her. By convincing himself that his wife is getting better and the treatment he has prescribed is working her husband is blind to the real cause of her maladies, his power over her. In her final act of madness she has the power back to show him exactly the level she has been forced to go to. It would appear that many women before her have suffered the same fate as this is what has caused the deep groove in the wall, exactly where her shoulder now fits. Gilman is showing that if the gender inequality continues then many more women will have to start taking control back in this way also. When the mind has no stimulation, especially the female mind, it will make its own stimulation from whatever surrounds it. So the narrator begins to find a story to play out behind the pattern in the wallpaper. She seems to know that it will not be a very pleasant story as she is immediately repulsed by the sight of the wallpaper, describing it as, ââ¬Å"the colour is repellent, almost revolting; a smouldering unclean yellow, strangely faded by the slow-turning sunlight. And the pattern as ââ¬Å"dull enough to confuse the eye in following, pronounced enough to constantly irritate and provoke study, and when you follow the lame curves for a little distance they suddenly commit suicideâ⬠(Gilman 1998) What she does not realise is that the story that she so avidly watches playing out behind the wallpaper is that of herself. She is the one imprisoned behind the bars, desperately shaking them to get out from under the control of her husband and the others around her. She realises at the very end that the only way out is to let herself and the woman behind the paper become one and to release what has been suppressed. ââ¬Å"ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ve got out at last,â⬠said I, in spite of you and Jane. And Iââ¬â¢ve pulled off most of the paper, so you canââ¬â¢t put me back! â⬠â⬠(Gilman 1998) For Gregor, his transformation takes on several stages. The initial transformation is that of him becoming the beetle and being immediately removed from humanity by his inability to communicate. Gregor realises gradually the reality of his situation and deals with it accordingly but as he does he becomes more and more hopeless. He is further removed from his human traits when his furniture and belongings get removed from him. He attempts to join the family at only three points in the plot; all three are met with violence from his father physically forcing him back into his alienation. His sister undergoes the transformation of the eventual complete emotional abandonment of Gregor. This realisation that his sister, who he has always cared for, no longer regards him as anything but an inconvenience, a thing to be dealt with, pushes him to his death. Mendoza writes that the story is the ultimate metaphor of extreme human alienation, describing Gregorââ¬â¢s situation as being on the outside of humanity with no net below. Gregorââ¬â¢s whole family dynamic transforms itself, Mendoza again suggests that Gregor may have the form of a bug, but is essentially still human, whereas his family become human outwardly but inside are themselves the bugs. Bibliography Alter, R. (1991). Necessary Angels, Tradition and modernity in Kafka, Benjamin, and Scholem, Harvard University Press: Massachusetts. BBC. co. uk/dna/h2g2 Gilman, C. P. (1998). The Yellow Wallpaper, Bedford Books: Boston. Golden, C. J. (1992). The Captive Imagination, The Feminist Press: New York. Golden, C. J. (2004). The Yellow Wallpaper, A Sourcebook and Critical Edition, Routledge: Oxton. Helium. com/items/1104993-charlotte-perkins-gilmanthe-yellow-wallpaper-literary-analysis. Janouch, G. (1968). Conversations With Kafka, The Trinity Press: London. Kafka, F. (2005). Metamorphosis, Vintage: London. Mendoza, R. G. (1986). Outside Humanity, A Study of Kafkaââ¬â¢s Fiction, University Press of America: Lanham. Nabokov, V. ( 1983). Lectures on Literature, Pan Books Ltd: London.
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