Communication Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communication Theories - Essay characterAs Giles & Clair (1979 17) note, language is not a homogeneous, static system. It is multi-channeled, multi-variable and capable of vast modifications from context to context by the speaker, slight differences of which are often detected by listeners and afforded social significance. Given the fact that even the well-nigh trivial aspects of speech and pronunciation can take on crucial importance, it stands to reason that individuals, consciously or unconsciously, should, among other things, seek or eschew identification with others through language.There are several theories authentic to model the process of communication between cardinal or more individuals. One of these is the Communication accommodation Theory. This theoretical perspective examines the underlying motivations and consequences of what happens when two speakers shift their communication styles. Communication Accommodation theorists argue that during communication, the grea t unwashed will try to accommodate or adjust their style of speaking to others. This is done in two ways exit and convergence. Groups with strong ethnic or racial pride often use contrariety to highlight group identity. Convergence occurs when there is a strong need for social approval, frequently from ineffective individuals.Communication Accommodation Theory focuses on the role of conversations in our lives. It has been incorporated in a identification number of different studies. For instance, accommodation has been studied in the mass media, with families, with Chinese students, with the elderly, on the job, in interviews, and even with messages leave on telephone answering machines. There is no doubt that the conjecture is heuristic. The surmise is expansive exuberant to be very complete, and it has been supported by research from diverse authors. In addition, the theorys core processes of convergence and divergence make it relatively easy to understand, underscoring th e simplicity of the theory.The strengths of the theory may be quite significant because the theory has elicited little scholarly criticism. Still, a few shortcomings of the theory merit attention. Judee Burgoon, Leesa Dillman, and Lesa Stern (1993), for example, question the convergence-divergence put in advanced by Giles. They believe that conversations are too complex to be reduced simply to these processes. They in addition challenge the notion that peoples accommodation can be explained by just these two practices. For instance, what occurs if people both converge and diverge in conversations Are there consequences for the speaker The listener What influence-if any-does race or ethnicity play in this simultaneous process One might also question whether the theory relies too heavily on a judicious way of communicating. That is, although the theory acknowledges conflict between communicators, it also rests on a reasonable standard of conflict. perchance you have been in confl icts that are downright nasty and with people who have no sense of reason. It appears that the theory ignores this possible dark side of communication.Accommodation theory or interpersonal accommodation theory has sprung from the consciousness that speakers are not merely incumbents (Runciman, 1998) of roles imposed on

Research Article Summary Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article synopsis - Research Paper ExampleMethods information about current intellectual nourishment batch was obtained by try foods sold meant for immediate consumption from fast-food outlets, take-out joints and family-type restaurants (Young & Nestle, 246). Some of the foods sampled include alcoholic beverages, cakes and steak. This information was obtained directly from the manufacturers or from the portion labels. If the information was unavailable, two samples of each food were weighed using Sysco Digital Portion Scale (Young & Nestle, 246).Results Most of the portions weighed were higher up the standard portion set by USDA and FDA. The only exception was the sliced white bread. The biscuit category posted the largest excess over the set USDA standards by 700%. The other categories exceeded the USDA standards by the following percentages cooked pasta (480%), muffins (333%), steaks (224%) and bagels (195%). however, other foods such as beer, chocolate, French fires and hamb urgers did not exceed the set limits (Young & Nestle, 246). the query also revealed that food companies use big food sizes compared to what was used two decades ago. the trend towards increasing portion sizes started in the 1970s. increasing sharply in the 1980s to present (Young & Nestle, 246).Discussion and conclusion the researchers observe that the food portions in the marketplace have increased steadily since the 1970s, and this can be attributed to the fact that the food assistant industry in the United States has been on a steady growth. This has led to a larger issuing of new food products being introduced. Competition has also made manufacturers increase portions in order to allure customers. As a result of the increased sizes, the number of claries consumed has increased. Furthermore, there has been a supersizing of menu items, making them larger than they were a couple of decades before. The authors conclude that there is need to focus on portion size as one of the s trategies of managing weight and

DQ7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DQ7 - Essay ExampleFor example, it is a frequent practice in fear that the quotations or estimates submitted for a project tapped by the competitors using false means. They exit utilize the information in the tapped documents for their advantages while submitting their quotations for the same project. In a highly professional melody reality such things may non be considered as a sin. But ethically it is not a good practice since such practices may result in unhealthy competition which pass on be harmful to the overall craft activities. A company which follows strong ethical standards in their business will never go after such undercutting methods and we can conclude that normal decisions and moral decisions be entirely different in the current world in general and in the business world in specific.Morality is a social invention which is essential for the sustainability of a confederation. We cannot think of a club which is filled with immoral activities, survive for a long period. For example, if robbery is legally allowed in a society to tackle poverty, what will happen? Thus moral decisions are always different from the rational decisions. education is one of the main segments of an organization. It is often said that man, material, machine and money (4Ms) are the four major components compulsory for the smooth functioning of an organization. In fact information is equally important with the above mentioned 4Ms of business. alike all the other resources of an organization, information of a company needs to be protected well for the business growth. It is easy for the competitors to devise strategies well in advance to counter the innovative and challenging business strategies of an organization, if the confidential information of the company leaked via the managers or some other employees of the organization. The managers have a variety of the information regarding the emerging plans of an organization. It is necessary to keep such information as secrets for the well

Should the government provide child care centers for working parents Research Paper

Should the government provide child c ar centers for working(a) pargonnts - Research idea ExampleThere have been developed child-care centers that are privately owned, which have risen to save the situation. However, nearly of these child-care centers are not offering quality services to the children who attend them. Quality child-care should be a responsive process that offers developmentally suitable atmosphere for little children (Cooperative Extension, University of California (a) 1). Many of children around the world are not getting appropriate child-care opportunities for preschool sessions. However, many of those who attend the preschool are given poor services that sometimes are harmful to the children. The government ought to approximate in to funding of these programs that will empower the young children. In the US, funding is varied in different programs that are designed to offer child-care. These programs are independent from apiece otherwise in the way they carry out their care to children (Barnett and Hustedt 2). Child-care industries have boosted economies of many countries. They contribute to the receipts through taxationation and by offering jobs to citizens of a country. In US, government subsidies are given to fires that are needy and to some parents the US government offers tax credits (Barnett and Hustedt 5-6). ... This is a reflective assignment that is quest to express the two sides of government involvement in providing child care centers to working parents. Child-care is an expensive venture that does not only involve monetary, but also time, concern and energy. The burden of child-care can outweigh the parent if they are left alone to deal with children and still be economically productive. Children are attended by nuclear families when they cannot access the payable child-care centers fees (Bane et al 52-53). Economy has provided constraints that have forced many employees to spend more(prenominal) time and energy to any economic projects they are engaged in. In cases of interruptions, employees incur much loses as a result of wasted time. Companies that have employed those workers lose a lot of revenue on those employees. In that case, even the government experiences reduction in income because they will be entitled to less tax because of reduced productivity of an organization or company. In many countries, working parents are not ordinarily entitled to any child-care services from the government. By the end of the year 2010, the only countries that were nearly giving their working people entitlement to child care are France and Hungary. These countries have high quality health services and other services related to children treatment (Hein and Cassirer 39). According to Cooperative Extension, University of California (b. 2-3), child-care is very expensive for low income earners in US. For example, the lowest charges for a year child care services for only one child was more than a third of annu al income of a person who earns an annual pay of

Fourth Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

one-quarter Assignment - Essay ExampleEach of the three books depicts a different kind of alternative family. The families in the books exclusively nominate one thing in common, however. They all choose to be together and experience each other regardless of anything that happens. In this way, these alternative families atomic number 18 up to(p) to function better than numerous traditional families. The theme throughout all of the books is that people queue up love and support in unhoped places. This doesnt near refer to romantic love, but all kinds of love especially the love that exists amongst good friends. The friends in turn use the love theyve found to form families. The three different books all begin with traditional families that prevail been fractured in some way. In Plainsong, Tom Guthries family is falling by because of his wifes growing depression, and she eventually leaves him. Victoria loses her family because first her father and then her mother have aband oned her. In Cold Mountain, almost all of the main characters close family members have died, and they all find themselves stuck far away from the places they think of as home. In Bridget Jonsess Diary, Bridget appears to feel that her family is slowly falling by because she has grown up and her p arents marriage seems to be ending. In each book, the main characters must find ship canal to make their own new families, each in different ways. The characters in Plainsong make up many different kinds of families. ... Tom loves his children, and the loss of their mother naturally hurts them very much. The fact that they are able to accept the loss of their mother and move on shows that they love and trust their father. Even though things are hard for him, he continues doing his job as their father. When Maggie joins their family at the end, she is not completing a broken family. She is just adding an extra piece to it. Maggie chooses the McPheron brothers to take business of Victoria and her baby because she knows that they need someone to take care of just as badly as Victoria needs someone to care for her. Because the two brothers fail together, they dont realize that they need someone else until they learn to love Victoria and her child. They dont notice how alone they are until they arent alone anymore. Maggie is right in thinking that the brothers are the double-dyed(a) people to take care of Victoria. Their kindness is apparent right away. In comparison to her cruel mother, the McPherons are so different that Victoria is confused by them, but they end up becoming the scoop up possible family that Victoria and her baby could have found. Her abusive boyfriend wants to take her away and have a traditional family with hera married couple and their child. Victoria has to choose between the traditional family that society expects her to have and the quirky alternative family she has found with the McPheron brothers. Victoria chooses to stay with the brothers because they are the ones who protect her and treat her kindly. Maggie Jones is the most big character in the book. She is the one who creates families. She doesnt just bring Victoria and the McPheron brothers together, but also brings the family created by the McPherons, Victoria and her baby

The Chevron USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Chevron USA - endeavor ExampleIn this connection, the EPA framed regulations in 1981 enabling the nonattainment states to adopt a bubble approach to watch over with the prescribed standards of air quality. The bubble thought treats the entire plant with multiple sub-plants as one iodine bubble and permits variations in emission levels as long as the total emissions do not reach the permissible levels. The moot point is what stationery artificial lake means. Whether each subunit is a stationary source or all of them in an industrial grouping? The National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) opposed the bubble concept in the Court of Appeals alleging that the bubble concept was un truthful. Although the Appeals Court agreed with the NRDCs stand, the Supreme Court where in Chevron an affected party impleaded itself along with the EPA, held that since there was no particular reason adduced in the legislative history of the relevant provision of the Clean Air shape, EPAs reading material in a tenable manner cannot be found fault with by the judiciary. The Supreme Court held that the bubble theory was a matter of policy which should be rather addressed to legislators or administrators and not the judiciary. The purpose is considered a disembark mark in the administrative law since it allows greater flexibility for the administrative agencies to interpret law which until the decision was the job of judiciary alone. Post Chevron, government agencies enjoy greater freedom in interpreting the law which the Congress has left any issue unexplained or ambiguous (Shultz). The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) 1946 is a federal law governing the manner in which the federal agencies frame regulations and it provides for judicial inspection of way of life decisions. (BarnesGreenBook). Section 706 (2) (A) of the APA provides for the reviewing court to hold any decision as arbitrary capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law. (Barne sGreenBook) The Chevron case is not only a land mark decision in administrative law but also in the reality of separation of powers. The case which dealt with the issue of meaning of stationary source has now become an oft-cited decision constantly since. The bubble concept or plant-wide concept has resulted in calculation of plant emission as a whole instead of calculating the emission of pollutant from each pollution-emitting equipment. This enables industrial units having more than one source of pollutant emitting devices to go on an increase coming from one device through a corresponding reduction in other device within the same industrial unit. It has been rendered possible due to the Apex courts examining the bona-fides of an agency through a two-step test. First step is to check whether the legislative history speaks of congressional deliberations on the precise question at issue. If the legislative intent is clear, the Court must give effect to the Congressional intent w hich is unambiguously clear. If not, instead of arriving at its own conclusion, the Court should see whether the agencys interpretation is based on a permissible construction of the statute. Thus in the instant case, arbiter Stevens examined the statutory text of the Clean Air Act and its legislative history. He found there was no evidence to show that the Congress had

The Supreme Court case, Commissioner v. Tufts, 463 U.S. 1215 (1983) Essay

The imperative Court case, Commissioner v. Tufts, 463 U.S. 1215 (1983) - Essay ExampleThe court based its finding on a measure benefits theory. The tax incomepayer would have received untaxed income as at the time the bring was extended unless the amount of the mortgage shall be deemed to have been realized. The taxpayer would have therefore received untaxed income at that time when the loan was extended and would have been entitled to an increase in his terms in the blank space for depreciation purposes by the amount of his liability and would avoid taxation upon the ending of the obligation (Watson, 2011).i) The first is the accompaniment that loan proceeds do not qualify as income to a taxpayer because he incurs an obligation to give back off the loan at the agreed terms to the creditor. If and when the borrower is relieved of the liability for the loan, the proceeds of the loan will henceforward be included in his income as if he received the cash to satisfy the obligat ion. It takes us back to point the difference that is apparent when compared to Crane v. Commissioner 331 U.S. 1 (1947). In this matter the petitioner had sought the Supreme Courts judicial review of an earlier decision by the court of appeal on how a taxpayer who acquired property subject to the unassumed mortgage. The taxpayer held the property for some time before selling so constrain and was to account for taxable gains from the sale proceeds. The Supreme Court held by affirming the decision of the court of appeal that had held that the tax courts use of equity as a basis for the determination of either a gain or loss was, therefore, improper.ii) The second fact is that the recovery within a taxable year of a previously deducted item must, therefore, be included in gross income to the extent that it produced a tax benefit in that previous year. Deductions for the purposes of depreciation provide a shelter from tax. Therefore, a taxpayers basis in his